Research On Mining And Optimization Of Influencing Factors Of Complex Passenger Flow Congestion In Urban Subway Stations

The passenger flow of urban subway is huge and extremely complex,and the passenger flow congestion in subway stations has become a normal phenomenon,which increases the difficulty for the smooth and safe operation of subway,the smooth passage of passengers is blocked,the comfort of space is greatly reduced.Therefore,it is significant to excavate the potential influencing factors of the traffic congestion in subway stations,optimize the passenger flow of and improve the safety level and the comfort level of underground space and help build a healthy China.In this paper,Fengqi Road station,Longxiangqiao station,East Railway station and Chengzhan station of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are taken as the research scenarios.By means of field survey,questionnaire design,online survey,statistical analysis,and Pathfinder software simulation,the conclusions are as follows:1)Passengers’ psychological awareness and behavioral characteristics are one of the potential factors of congestion.The questionnaire survey statistics are used to analyze the possible congestion risks,which will provide data support for the development of subway safety operation control plan.2)Influence of station structure and spatial layout on station congestion: The impact of traffic path conflicts of passenger flow caused by unreasonable spatial layout on congestion,the impact of width of stair structure on evacuation congestion under space constraints and the impact of structural columns on the passageway on passenger flow.3)Influence of structure and characteristics of the gate equipment on station congestion:A sliding hinged gate equipment has been designed.The new equipment has the advantages of small size,high structural strength,high width of free adjustment,where it can obviously improve the experience comfort and efficiency of passengers.4)Influence of problems in advertisement and information system on station congestion: The confusion of the color between the guide sign and the background advertisement can be solved by setting the light color dividing line and "L" type information board,it also can be solved by improving the color difference of the two kinds of information.The billboard hanging on the top will interfere the guide sign,which can be solved by reducing the number of hanging advertisements,enlarging the gap between hanging advertisements and information boards,and moving the position of hanging advertisements around the upper part of the structural column can also take effect.The advertisement text symbol will interfere the guide sign text symbol information,which can be solved by setting suitable advertisement Posting position and vacating the blank position of the structure column for setting the guide information.The post position of the safety evacuation diagram is not appropriate and the content of the safety evacuation diagram is not detailed.By setting reasonable position and content,the diagram is located at the entrance of the stairs(escalators)and the wall of the station hall,and designing the 3D perspective model diagram consistent with the post position.The large length of text information in the safety announcement is not conducive to being understood by passengers,which can be solved by optimizing the transmission way and simplifying the expression way of safety information.5)Influence of evacuation route and exit choice on station congestion: The evacuation passenger flow on the large section evacuation passage is relatively high,if the evacuation is not guided,it will easily lead to the adverse situation of passenger flow concentration,small passageways with the same or similar evacuation efficiency can assist the main evacuation passageway to complete evacuation,and congestion can be improved.Meanwhile,the dynamic evacuation guidance in the station can keep the evacuation channel efficient and unblocked.6)The relevant prevention measures could cause and aggravate station traffic congestion.The use of "Health code" and "Subway code" will increase the probability of congestion in security check area.Convenient operation can save time.Epidemic prevention measures should be transferred to the ground to reduce the pressure of security inspection in the station and improve the passenger flow congestion in the security inspection area.The new side island hybrid platform structure can reduce the face-to-face contact probability of passengers and the risk of virus transmission by implementing one-way passenger flow in and out of the station mode.The construction of passenger flow visualization system can help passengers and subway staff grasp the passenger flow dynamics in real time and avoid risks.