The Layout Planning Of Battery Swap Station For Electric Taxis With Swappable Batteries

With the acceleration of the process of taxi electrification in China,the electric taxis with swappable batteries began to be promoted and used in various cities in China.The reasonable layout planning of battery swap station is the key to the large-scale promotion of electric taxis with swappable batteries.At present,the layout planning for charging and swapping stations is mostly based on the overall charging and swapping demand distribution in the study area,with little consideration of the charging and swapping behavior characteristics of electric vehicles.This is not conducive to the accurate estimation of charging and swapping demand,nor to the reasonable location and layout of charging and swapping stations.Therefore,this thesis first analyzes the mechanism of taxi battery swapping selection behavior.Based on the spatiotemporal distribution of historical taxi trips,the spatiotemporal distribution of battery swapping demand is reasonably estimated through the prediction simulation of electric swapping demand and the selection of electric swapping stations and queuing simulation.On this basis,starting from the characteristics of taxi operation and guided by minimizing the impact of electric swapping behavior on taxi operation,the layout planning model of taxi battery swapping station was built with the goal of maximizing effective operation time to guarantee the operating efficiency of taxis.First of all,the SP(Stated Preference)questionnaire about the behavior of taxi drivers swapping taxi batteries was designed and the survey data were collected.The behavior data of taxi battery swapping selection,including scene variables,vehicle attributes,personal attributes and attitude variables,were obtained and statistically analyzed.The analysis results show that the vehicle SOC,season,average daily operating mileage,average monthly operating income,the degree of understanding of the electric vehicle,range anxiety and other factors obtained in this thesis all have an impact on the battery swapping ratio.Secondly,the selection behavior model of taxi battery swapping is constructed,including the selection model of whether or not to change battery and the selection model of battery swapping station.The BL(Binary Logit)model and MNL(Multinomial Logit)model structures were used for model calibration and verification respectively.And the panel data effect is corrected in the calibration process.The model calibration results showed that the electric swapping choice behavior of the electric swapping taxi was mainly affected by vehicle SOC,winter,average monthly operating income of the vehicle and average daily empty driving mileage.Besides,it was also related to the age of taxi drivers,familiarity with the electric swapping vehicle and range anxiety degree.However,the selection of battery swapping stations for battery swapping taxis mainly considers station properties such as station distance,remaining available battery number,queuing length,battery swapping price,etc.At the same time,the popularity of taxi near the station also has a significant impact on the selection of battery swapping stations.Thirdly,the layout planning model of the battery swapping station is built to maximize the effective operating time of taxis.Based on the historical taxi travel chain,the taxi time and space demand coverage in the battery swapping mode and the travel chain update were carried out.The battery swapping demand prediction simulation and the battery swapping station selection and queuing simulation are carried out by using the electric swapping or not selection model and the electric swapping station selection model.The battery swapping loss output from the simulation can be used as the input of the layout optimization model of the taxi battery swapping station.A new round of simulation will be carried out after the layout model outputs a new layout scheme each time.The simulation algorithm was integrated into genetic algorithm to solve the model.Finally,a case study on the layout planning of the battery swapping station in the six administrative districts in the center of Tianjin is carried out.Based on the Tianjin taxi GPS data provided by the "Key Technology for Integrated Operation of Multi-mode Passenger Hubs in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Aggregation" project(2018YFB1601300),which is the key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology,the historical spatial-temporal route of taxi travel is extracted.DBSCAN clustering algorithm was used to carry out clustering analysis on the taxi drop-off points in the study area,and the centroid position of the cluster was taken as the alternative station.The layout and construction scheme of battery swapping stations,the temporal and spatial distribution of battery swapping demand,the loss of passenger orders and the loss time of battery swapping under the constraints of different construction costs are studied,and the service level of the battery swapping stations is analyzed.The analysis results show that in the example of this thesis,the construction scheme of 12 secondary battery swapping stations can better meet the demand of taxi battery swapping under the initial condition of the example,and shorten the loss time of battery swapping as much as possible.And under the layout construction scheme of this thesis,the utilization of the battery swapping taxies to each station is more balanced.Further,a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the influence of the initial SOC of the taxi,the full range of the electric swapping vehicle,the level of the battery swapping station and the battery charging speed on the service level of the battery swapping station.