| Rapid urbanisation has led to more and more serious pollution of the urban ecological environment and a series of problems that need to be solved.As the main bearer of the urban ecosystem,urban green space is being given more and more importance in urban planning and construction,and its role in maintaining the urban ecological environment and improving the living space of urban residents has risen to a crucial position.In this study,14 urban parks in Taian District were identified by stratified random sampling method,followed by a grid sampling method to investigate the plant species,sources,familyrank,community structure,plant community stability,species richness,species diversity and species evenness characteristics of the above parks to reveal in-depth quantitative characteristics and The study will reveal the quantitative and diversity characteristics of the urban park landscape.Secondly,based on the field survey,a comprehensive evaluation and ranking of the urban park plant landscape was carried out using the hierarchical analysis and the beauty evaluation method.The evaluation results of the AHP and SBE methods were tested by the Kendall’s W coefficient of agreement,and it was found that the evaluation results of the two methods were highly consistent,but there were differences in individual evaluation results.Finally,the evaluation results of the two methods were standardised to obtain a final and more scientific and comprehensive evaluation of the plant community landscape.Based on the results of the field survey and comprehensive evaluation,the shortcomings and problems in the construction of park plant landscapes are summarised,and new ideas are provided for future plant species selection methods and green space creation in urban parks.The main findings are as follows.（1）The survey counted 501 plant species.The total number of vascular plant species in Taishan City Park is 501,belonging to 97 families and 289 genera,including 124 species of trees,belonging to 30 families and 69 genera;143 species of shrubs,belonging to 33 families and 65 genera;243 species of herbs,belonging to 27 families and 140 genera;15 species of lianas,belonging to 9 families and 12 genera;6 species of bamboos,belonging to 1 family and3 genera The angiosperms are more dominant.（2）The plant families have a similar hierarchical classification trend and there is a clear clustering of quantitative relationships.The dominant families account for a significant proportion of the plant composition,and the dominant families reflect the fact that the plant composition of Taishan City Park is typical of the northern temperate zone,with a large number of small plant genera in each park,reflecting the strong heterogeneity between plant species.（3）The surveyed plant species include 276 native plant species,accounting for 54.01% of the total number of plants;the proportion of native plants in each plant life type shows herbs（163,66.26%）> vines（8,53.33%）> bamboo（2,50.00%）> trees（59,44.70%）> shrubs（46,40.35%）.（4）The overall flora structure of urban parks is characterised by a composite structure of trees,shrubs and grasses,with a few communities having a single-layer structure of trees,shrubs and grasses;although the community structure is dominated by a composite layer structure,the construction of shrub and herb layers is inadequate,and the use of shrubs in particular is lacking,so it is necessary to continue to optimise them.（5）From the analysis of plant community external appearance life growth type indicators,it is clear that trees and shrubs are mostly dominated by deciduous mid-height shoots,a larger proportion of herbaceous plants are 2012 plants and ground shoot plants,and leaf ecological characteristics are dominated by single leaves,non-leafy and small leaves,reflecting the local monsoon climate.（6）In terms of the frequency of application of plant species,the frequency of dominant species in the herbaceous layer of trees and shrubs is greater than 50%.The frequency of application of some plants is high and that of most plants is low.Species with high frequency set the tone of the plant landscape in Tarzan Park,but also indicate that the distribution of plant species is not very even.Comparing in terms of frequency rate,the relative uniformity is tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer.（7）In terms of plant diversity characteristics,herbaceous species dominate in terms of species richness,followed by trees,and shrubs are the lowest;in terms of species diversity,the overall level of diversity in the park is low;in terms of species evenness,trees,shrubs and grasses show three levels,with the herbaceous layer being the most even,followed by the tree layer and the shrub layer being the most concentrated.（8）In terms of the health of commonly used tree species,most plant species are in good condition and the dominant species do not require special management and are adapted to all types of landscaping.Leaf spots or discolouration,root aeration and permeability,and dead and decaying branches are the main problems with the health of garden trees.（9）Plant community stability is shown to be the most stable in Panhe Park and the least stable in Old Town Park,with little difference in the stability of plant communities in other parks.Analysis of plant community stability results: higher soil water content,greening maintenance management work,the less disturbing human activities,the more conducive to plant community growth environment stability.（10）Garden plants can be enjoyed mainly in spring,summer and autumn,with three stages in spring,3.21-5.15 in spring,two stages in summer,6.1-6.30 in summer,and two stages in autumn,with few flowering species and relatively abundant fruit and foliage species.（11）Based on the AHP method,18 comprehensive evaluation indexes of urban park plant landscape were obtained from three levels: ecological effect,visual effect and service function,to construct a "comprehensive evaluation system of park plant landscape" and complete the comprehensive evaluation of 14 urban park plant landscapes;based on the SBE method,experts and the public measured their views on the beauty of plant communities from different perspectives.A comparative analysis of their preferences for the beauty of the plant communities revealed that the two preferences for beauty were consistent,but from the experts’ perspective,they focused on the beauty of the plant communities and the richness of the layers,while from the public’s perspective,they focused more on the proportion of colour and the visual impact of the plant communities.（12）The Kendalls’ W coefficient of agreement was used to test the evaluation results of the AHP and SBE methods,resulting in W = 0.889,with an asymptotic significance of P = 0.0015< 0.05,indicating that the evaluation results of the two methods have a high overall consistency.（13）Combining the results of the comprehensive evaluation of urban park plants in Taishan District and the results of field research,60 species of trees and shrubs and 112 species of herbaceous plants were recommended as suitable for promotion in the creation of urban park plants in terms of ecological effect,visual effect and service function,and several plant configuration patterns were proposed to meet different functional orientations. |
PDF Full Text Request