Effects Of Application Of Different Types Of Organic Fertilizers Combined With Inorganic Fertilizers On Quality And Yield Of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

Aiming at the problems of insufficient aroma,low quality and disorderly application of organic fertilizer in the production of flue-cured tobacco in Zhoukou tobacco area,in this paper,four kinds of organic fertilizers(high-carbon base fertilizer,fried sesame,bio-organic fertilizer and decomposed sesame seed cake fertilizer)were used in combination with tobacco-specific compound fertilizer to study the effects of the biological characteristics of tobacco-planting soil,the growth metabolism in the field and the quality and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco in 2017 by using plot test and using single inorganic fertilizer as a control.The main results were as follows:1 The effect of organic fertilizer application on the biological characteristics of tobacco-planting soil was clarified.The soil microbial metabolic carbon source utilization and microbial functional diversity index could be improved when organic fertilizer was fertilized with inorganic fertilizer,and the treatment with high-carbon base fertilizer was most obvious in each treatment at 60 d after transplanting.At the same time,using organic fertilizer could improve the activities of soil sucrose,phosphatase,urease,catalase and lipase.The soil enzyme activity of the treatment with high-carbon base fertilizer was higher before tip pruning,and the soil enzyme activity of the treatment with fried sesame was higher at the maturity of tobacco leaves.On the whole,the application of organic fertilizer was beneficial to improve the biological characteristics of tobacco-planting soil.And treatment of high-carbon base fertilizer and fried sesame has the best effect.2 The effect of applying organic fertilizer on growth metabolism in different stages of flue-cured tobacco was clarified.The plant height and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco treated with organic fertilizer were higher than those of control,and the increase was most obvious in the treatment with fried sesame and bio-organic fertilizer.In addition to fried sesame,the incidence of virus disease in the treatments with other organic fertilizer were lower than those of control,and the treatment with the high-carbon base fertilizer was the lowest.The dynamic change of dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants showed that control and high-carbon base fertilizer was larger in the early field,and the high-carbon base fertilizer and fried sesame was larger in long-term and mature periods.The application of organic fertilizer could increase the root activity of tobacco plants in different periods,and the most obvious improvement was in the maturity stage of flue-cured tobacco.The root volume and dry matter accumulation of two treatments of high-carbon base fertilizer and fried sesame were higher than those of control after tip pruning,and the rest of the treatment was lower than the control.The enzyme activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and lipoxygenase of the treatment with organic fertilizer were lower than those of control when the leaf age was small,and higher when the leaf age was larger.With the increase of leaf age,plastid pigment content of leaves of tobacco leaves gradually reduced.The growth and metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in different periods showed that the application of organic fertilizer was beneficial to the growth of the field.3 The effects of applying organic fertilizer on the quality of tobacco leaves was clarified.Leaf exudates of mature tobacco leaves of organic fertilizer treatment was also improved.The leaf exudates of mature tobacco leaves in the mature stage were obvious in the two treatments of fried sesame and decomposed sesame seed cake fertilizer.The application of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco could improve the inner quality of tobacco leaves was more harmonious.The contents of reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and potassium were significantly higher than those of control in the treatments of high-carbon base fertilizer,fried sesame and decomposed sesame seed cake fertilize.The application of organic fertilizer could improve the content of petroleum ether extract of flue-cured tobacco.The effect of treatment with fried sesame was most obvious in general.The total amounts of aroma components of four treatments of organic fertilizers were increased compared with those of control.The improving of treatment with the fried sesame was highest,the treatment with the high-carbon base fertilizer took second place,and the treatment with the bio-organic fertilizer was lowest.The application of organic fertilizer could influence the content of each organic acid component of tobacco leaves.And the treatment with fried sesame increased more.The application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.The aroma quality of the treatment with organic fertilizer was better,the aroma concentration was higher,the miscellaneous gas was lighter,the flue gas comfort was better,and the sensory quality score was higher.Overall,the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers had the highest effect on the improvement of flue-cured tobacco intrinsic and aroma quality with the treatment with fried sesame,followed by high-carbon base fertilizers,and the lowest with organic fertilizers.4 The application of organic fertilizer could improve the average price and output value of tobacco,and optimize the class structure of flue-cured tobacco.The yield of the treatment with high carbon base fertilizer was the highest in all treatments,and the treatment with decomposed sesame seed cake fertilizer was the lowest.The output value of high-carbon basal fertilizer was the highest,followed by fried sesame seeds,and the treatment of roasted sesame seed cake was the lowest.The average price of fried sesame was the highest,and the average price of control was the lowest.The proportion of high class leafs of treatments with organic fertilizer was higher than that of control.The treatment with fried sesame was the highest,followed by high-carbon base fertilizer treatment.The proportion of middle grade tobacco leaves of treatments with bio-organic fertilizer was highest,the treatment with decomposed sesame cake fertilizer was the second,and the treatment with high-carbon base fertilizer was the lowest.On the whole,the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were improved significantly by applying high-carbon basal fertilizer,followed by the fried sesame.