| 1.Four hundred and fifty healthy Carassius auratus red var(the initial body weight of(85.53±2.75)g and the initial body length of(13.67±0.23)cm)were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates per group and 30 fish in each replicate.The fish were fed with diets containing different levels of lipid(3.43%,6.13%,9.15%,12.42%,15.04%),labeled as Z1-Z5,respectively,and the experimental period was 60 days.The effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth,morphological characteristics,intestinal tissue structure,antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of Carassius auratus red var were studied and could provide a reference for the development of Carassius auratus red var body improvement feed.1.1 The effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth,morphological characteristics and intestinal tissue structure of Carassius auratus red var.After 30 and 60 days of cultivation,the results showed that suitable feed lipid levels can improve the growth performance,reduce feed coefficient,and improve the body shape of Carassius auratus red var.After fed for 30 days,SGR of Z2 and Z3 groups were significantly higher than those of the other 3 groups(P<0.05).The Z2 group had the lowest FCR,followed by the Z3 group;After fed for 60 days,SGR in the Z2 group was significantly higher than the other 4 groups(P <0.05),and FCR was the lowest,followed by Z3.SGR and FCR were used as indicators to determine the lipid requirement of Carassius auratus red var as 8.58% to8.99%(fed for 30 days)and 8.44%~8.76%(fed for 60 days).After short-term feeding and long-term feeding,the intestinal digestive enzyme activities and intestinal tissue sections were analyzed.The intestinal health of the Z2 and Z3 groups was better than that of the other experimental groups.The effects of different lipid diets on the morphological characteristics of Carassius auratus red var are mainly different in the trunk and head,Carassius auratus red var of Z3 group conforms to the first-class standard.1.2 The effects of dietary lipid levels on antioxidant indexes and some nonspecific immune indexes of Carassius auratus red var.Regardless of short-term feeding and long-term feeding,by measuring the antioxidant indexes in the hepatopancreas,spleen,head kidney,middle kidney,gill,brain and serum of Carassius auratus red var,it was found that the SOD,CAT,GSH-Px activities in tissues and serum increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels,GSH content showed a trend of firstly increase and then decrease,and MDA content showed a trend of firstly decrease and then increase.Among them,Z2 and Z3 groups had better antioxidant capacity.1.3 The effects of dietary lipid levels on liver function and lipid metabolism of Carassius auratus red var.After 30 and 60 days of cultivation,GOT and GPT activities in the hepatopancreas of Carassius auratus red var showed a trend of firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of feed lipid level,and GOT and GPT activities in the Z3 and Z4 groups were higher than the rest In the test group,GOT and GPT activities in the serum decreased firstly and then increased,and both reached the minimum in the Z3 group.The serum TG,T-CHO and HDL-C content showed an upward trend,while the LDL-C contents showed a downward trend.The dietary lipid level of the Z3 group was better than that of the other test groups in promoting liver function and regulating lipid metabolism.2.Four hundred and fifty healthy Oranda(Carassius auratus)(the initial body weight of(35.51±1.25)g and the initial body length of(6.79±0.31)cm)were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates per group and 30 fish in each replicate.The fish were fed with diets containing different levels of protein(24.14%、28.45%、32.31%、36.24%、40.15%),labeled as Y1-Y5,respectively,and the experimental period was 60 days.The effects of dietary protein levels on the growth,morphological characteristics,intestinal tissue structure,antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of Oranda(Carassius auratus)were studied and could provide a reference for the development of Oranda(Carassius auratus)body improvement feed.2.1 The effects of dietary protein levels on the growth,morphological characteristics and intestinal tissue structure of Oranda(Carassius auratus).After 30 and 60 days of cultivation,the results showed that suitable feed protein levels can improve the growth performance,reduce feed coefficient,increase crude muscle protein content and improve the body shape of Oranda(Carassius auratus).After fed for 30 days,SGR of the Y4 group was significantly higher than the other 4 groups(P <0.05),FCR of the Y3 and Y4 groups were significantly lower than the other 3 groups(P <0.05),and FCR of the Y4 group was the lowest.Afte fed for 60 days,SGR of the Y4 group was significantly higher than the other 4 groups(P<0.05),and FCR was significantly lower than the other 4 groups(P<0.05).SGR and FCR were used as indicators to determine the protein requirement of Oranda(Carassius auratus)as 34.49%~34.90%(fed for 30 days)and 36.23%~36.71%(fed for 60 days).After short-term feeding and long-term feeding,the intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal tissue sections were analyzed,the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and intestinal tissue structure of Y4 group were better than those of otherexperimental groups.The effects of different lipid diets on the morphological characteristics of Oranda(Carassius auratus)are mainly different in the trunk and head,Afte fed for 30 days,the Y3 group of Oranda(Carassius auratus)met the Class II standard.Afte fed for 60 days,the Y3 and Y4 groups met the Class II standard.2.2 The effects of dietary protein levels on antioxidant indexes and some nonspecific immune indexes of Oranda(Carassius auratus).Regardless of short-term feeding and long-term feeding,the activities and contents of SOD,CAT,GSH-Px,and GSH in the tissues of each group showed an upward trend and then a downward trend with the increase of dietary protein levels,and reached the maximum in Y3 and Y4 groups.The MDA content generally decreased firstly and then increased,and basically reached the minimum value in the Y4 group.The activity and content of ACP,AKP,LZM,Alb and Ig M in tissue and serum of each experimental group reached the maximum in Y3 and Y4 groups.Combined with the antioxidation indexes and some nonspecific immune indexes in tissues and serum,Y4 group has a better effect on improving antioxidant and immunity.2.3 The effects of dietary protein levels on liver function and lipid metabolism of Oranda(Carassius auratus).Regardless of short-term feeding and long-term feeding,the GOT and GPT activities in the hepatopancreas increased with the increase of dietary protein levels.GOT and GPT activities in serum showed a trend of first decrease and then increase,and reached a minimum in the Y4 group.There was no significant difference in the serum lipid metabolism indexes of Oranda(Carassius auratus)among the experimental groups.Synthesizing the liver function and lipid metabolism indexes in various tissues and serums of Oranda(Carassius auratus),protein level of Y4 group in promoting liver function was better than that of other test groups.The protein levels of each group did not have a bad effect on lipid metabolism of Oranda(Carassius auratus). |
PDF Full Text Request