| Intercropping of grass and legume crops can effectively use natural resources,Maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystems has the effect of stabilizing production,increasing income and reducing weight and reducing medicine.Intercropping of wheat and peas is one of the more common intercropping patterns of peas in Shanxi Province.In previous studies of wheat intercropping systems,the intercropping effects of wheat and different legumes were more studied,However,there are few studies on the effects of different wheat row spacing and sowing on intercropping.In this paper,wheat pea intercropping systems under two wheat row spacings(wide and narrow rows and equal row spacings)are studied in terms of crop growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nutrient absorption,soil enzyme activity,wheat rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection rate,and yield composition Advantages of cropping and how the various indicators change after increasing wheat sowing,To determine the best combination of wheat line spacing and seeding.The field trial was arranged at the farming station of Shanxi Agricultural University from September 30,2018 to June 25,2019.Treatments were CK(wheat single cropping,wheat sowing 300kg/hm~2),KX(wide and narrow row wheat soybean intercropping,wheat sowing 300kg/hm~2),KD(wide and narrow row wheat soybean intercropping,wheat sowing 375kg/hm~2),DX(equal spacing wheat bean intercropping,wheat seeding capacity of 300kg/hm~2),DD(equal spacing wheat bean intercropping,wheat seeding capacity of 375kg/hm~2)test results are as follows:In terms of wheat agronomic traits,the plant height of KX-treated wheat was better than that of other treatments during jointing to maturity,and significantly higher than that of single cropping.The tiller per plant of KX treated wheat was higher than that of single crop,and the other treatments were lower than that of single crop.Other treatments are lower than single cropping.The dry matter accumulation of wheat treated with KX in different periods was significantly higher than that in single crop.Compared with single cropping,the number of panicles and the percentage of panicles were increased in KX treatment,while the number of panicles was decreased in DX treatment.After increasing the wheat sowing rate,the number of ears increased,the earing rate of the wide and narrow row intercropping method decreased,and the earing rate of the equal row intercropping method increased.In terms of photosynthetic characteristics,the photosynthetic rate of KX-treated wheat flag leaves was highest at 7-35 days of wheat flowering,and was significantly higher than that of single cropping.The photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of DX treated wheat was lower than that of single crop at 7-14 days of flowering,and higher than that of single crop at 21-35 days.The difference was not significant.After increasing the amount of wheat sowing,the photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves decreased.The KD treatment was higher than the single crop at different periods,and the difference was significantly higher than the single crop at 28 days after anthesis.The chlorophyll content of flag leaf of wheat treated with KX was better than other treatments during 7-35 days of wheat flowering.In terms of wheat nutrient uptake and rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection,the nitrogen content and absorption of KX and KD wheat plants were better than those of monocropping.Among them,KX treatment was significantly higher than monocropping,and DX treatment was not significantly different from monocropping.,DD treatment is lower than single crop,the difference is not significant.The phosphorus content of KX and DX wheat plants was higher than that of single crop in the later growth stage,and KD and DD treatments were lower than that of single crop,indicating that increasing wheat sowing is not conducive to wheat phosphorus absorption.The KX-treated wheat had the highest phosphorus uptake at different growth stages,which was significantly higher than that of monocropping,indicating that KX treatment was more beneficial to wheat nutrient absorption.Infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat rhizosphere,Intercropping improved the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of wheat.Wide and narrow rows were better than equal row spacing,and small sowing was better than large sowing.In terms of soil enzyme activity,the intercropping of wide-narrow row mode increased soil urease,invertase,and phosphatase activities at the later stage of wheat growth.The inter-row spacing mode of intercropping only increased urease activity at the later stage of wheat growth.The soil urease,invertase,and phosphatase activities decreased after sowing wheat.In terms of yield and yield components,compared to single cropping,the yield and yield components of wide-narrow and narrow-row mode were higher than that of single-crop,and the number of ears was significantly different.However,the 1000-grain weight and the number of spikes per ear were higher than those of the single crop,and the yield was slightly lower than that of the single crop.On the basis of intercropping,the sowing amount of wheat was increased,the number of ears increased,and the 1000-grain weight,the number of grains per ear,and the yield decreased.It is concluded that compared with single cropping,wheat with a wide row of 20cm,narrow row of 10cm,and a seeding volume of 300kg/hm~2,the pea model in the wide row of intercropping is more conducive to increasing wheat yield. |
