| In order to explore the most suitable sowing technology and supporting irrigation mode in main wheat producing areas of Shanxi Province,and to clarify its physiological mechanism,field research was carried out in Wenxi county experimental base of Shanxi agricultural university in 2018-2019.The two-factor split zone design was adopted,with irrigation frequency as the main area,and three levels of spring 1 water,spring 2water and spring 3 water were set.Deputy district in sowing way,set wide precision seeding and agent quantity groove on two levels,study on irrigation frequency and the way of planting soil water consumption of winter wheat,community building,yield and its components,grain nutritional quality(soluble content,sucrose,starch content,protein content),processing quality(gluten content,sedimentation value,dough formation time and stability time).The main research results are as follows:(1)With the increase of irrigation times,the total water consumption of winter wheat increased,with spring 3 water significantly the highest,reaching 5.78% to27.65%.The proportion of irrigation water in the total water consumption increased,while the proportion of rainfall and soil water in the total water consumption significantly decreased.The water consumption model coefficient of winter wheat increased in the first and middle stages,but decreased in the later stage.The water use efficiency(WUE)increased first and then decreased,and the water use efficiency(WUE)was the highest in spring water(11.16%-27.15%).The total water consumption of winter wheat was higher than that of furrow sowing,and the difference was significant under water in spring 2.The water consumption in the early stage,the water consumption model coefficient and the daily water consumption were significantly higher than that in the furrow sowing,but the water consumption model coefficient and the daily water consumption in the middle stage were opposite.The water use efficiency of wide precision seeding was higher than that of trench seeding,and spring 2 was the highest under water with an increase of 7.00%.(2)With the increase of irrigation times,there was no significant change in the number of tillers in the overwintering and jointing stages,and the number of tillers in the booting,flowering and mature stages rose first and then fell.The 1000-grain weight of 5-25 d after flowering was significantly higher than that of 5-25 d after flowering.The peak of post-flowering grouting rate moved backward,and the highest was 15-25 d of spring 2 water.SPAD values of 10 d and 20 d of grouting rose first and then fell,and the highest value was spring 2 water.No matter how many times the water was irrigated,the population tiller number in each growing period of the wide-width fine sowing winter wheat was higher than that in the trenching sowing,and the difference was significant under the conditions of spring 2 water and spring 3 water.The 1000-grain weight of 5-20 days after flowering was higher than that of furrow seeding,and the difference between 10-20 days after treatment was significant,while the difference between 25-35 days was opposite,and the difference between spring 2 water and spring3 water was significant.(3)With the increase of irrigation times,there was no significant change in plant nitrogen accumulation during the overwintering period and jointing period of winter wheat,while the booting period,flowering period and maturity period increased,and the highest was spring 3 water.After flowering,the nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to grain and the proportion of grain nitrogen in the whole plant all rose and then fell,and the spring 2 water was the highest,and the difference in the accumulation and the width of fine seeding was significant,and the contribution rate reached a significant level.No matter how many times water was irrigated,the nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat in different growth periods was higher than that in furrow sowing,and the difference between overwintering and flowering period was significant.The nitrogen transference volume before flowering was higher than that of flue-seeding,and the difference was significant under water in spring 1,while its contribution rate to seeds was significantly lower than that of flue-seeding,and its accumulation amount and contribution rate to seeds after flowering were significantly higher than that of flueseeding.(4)With the increase of irrigation times,the panicle number,panicle grain number and yield of winter wheat increased first and then decreased,reaching 1.39%-32.30%,3.48%-13.10%,3.89%-46.93%,and spring 2 water was the highest,and there was a significant difference between spring 1 water and other treatments,while the 1000-grain weight gradually increased.No matter how many times irrigation,the number of panicle,grain number and yield of wide precision seeding were 0.57%-10.19% higher than that of flume seeding,and the 1000-grain weight was significantly lower than that of flume seeding.It can be seen that spring 2 water increased the number of ears and grains per ear of winter wheat,thus increasing the yield,and the wide precision sowing effect was better.(5)with the increase of irrigation frequency,winter wheat seed soluble sugar,sucrose,starch content increased,the highest in spring 3 water,and water soluble sugar,sucrose content spring 1 significantly,the starch content is the significant difference between the three,but protein content decreased significantly,the protein production at first and lowered later dry gluten and wet gluten,landing numerical at first and lowered later formation by wide fine sowing time,stability time wide pure plant at first and lowered later in the spring 2 water most significantly.No matter how many times irrigation,the protein content and yield of wide precision seeding were significantly higher than that of exploratory furrow seeding.Under the conditions of spring 2 water and spring 3 water,the dry gluten and wet gluten of wide precision seeding were significantly higher than that of trenching seeding,while the descending value,formation time and stability time were lower than that of trenching sowing.Above all,wide refined sowing the spring 2 water irrigation methods most conducive to increase the water consumption of winter wheat irrigation water ratio,reducing rainfall and soil moisture ratios increased total water consumption,conducive to the absorption of winter wheat to nitrogen accumulation,promote flower after n to grain transshipment,increase the grain nitrogen accumulation,and optimized the number of ears and grains,improved the yield and water use efficiency at the same time,also increased the dry and wet gluten,dough formation time and stability time,improve the processing quality of grain. |
PDF Full Text Request