Effects Of Nitrogen Rates On Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat Under Wide Space Sowing

In order to explore the optimum amount of nitrogen application under sowing method of winter wheat in jinnan region of Shanxi province,the experiment was carried out from 2017 to 2018 in wheat experiment base in Wenxi,Shanxi province,with wide space sowing(WWS)or drilling sowing(DS)as the main plots and seven nitrogen rates: 0 kg·hm-2?90 kg·hm-2?180 kg·hm-2?210 kg·hm-2?240 kg·hm-2?270 kg·hm-2 ?300 kg·hm-2 to study the effects of different sowing method and nitrogen rates on yield,selected wide space sowing and nitrogen rates to analyze the effects on soil moisture,population quality,Photosynthetic Characteristics of flag leaves,nitrogen translocation and accumulation quality of winter wheat.Main results were as follows:(1)Compared with drilling sowing(DS),wide space sowing(WWS)showed significant increase in the number of spikes and yield,and an increase in the number of kernels per spike.With the increase of nitrogen rate,the three factors of yield and yield increased first and then decreased.For wide-width and conventional strips,the yield and its three elements are the highest at 240 kg·hm-2 and 210 kg·hm-2,respectively.Therefore,wide space sowing(WWS)are equipped with 240 kg·hm-2,and regular strips are applied with 210 kg·hm-2 achieves an increase in production.(2)Wide space sowing(WSS)with the nitrogen of 240 kg·hm-2 could get lower ratio of precipitation and irrigation,but the ratio of Soil water amount was higer,the water consumption amount was increased from jointing stage to anthesis,obtain higher water consumption amount and water use efficiency.(3)Wide space sowing(WSS)with the nitrogen of 240 kg·hm-2 could contribution the tiller amount was increased,and the leaf area index(LAI)was increased significantly,the plant height was decreased at different stages,and dry matter weight in various organs at maturity was increased,contribute to 1000-grain weight was increased at late grain filling,improved filling rate.Otherwise,water consumption amount and yield was more significantly correlated under Wide space sowing(WSS),Wide space sowing(WSS)production is mainly through the increase in the number of spikes to increase yield.(4)Wide space sowing(WSS)of wheat increased the Pn,Ci and Tr of flag leaves during grain filling,and decreased Gs of flag leaves.Nitrogen application significantly increased the Pn,Ci and Tr,significantly decreased the Gs of post-anthesis flag leaves,and wide-strip wheat with N240 was the best.In addition,the correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat after flowering showed that the wide space sowing(WSS)enhanced the flag leaf Pn in the late filling stage and the flag leaf Ci in the early stage of grain filling,which increased yield.(5)Compared with other nitrogen application rates,wide space sowing(WSS)with the nitrogen of 240 kg·hm-2 could obtain nitrogen accumulation was increased in all growth stage,and the nitrogen accumulation and its proportion increased significantly during the wintering to jointing stage,and the nitrogen accumulation increased significantly in each growth stage,the proportion of nitrogen accumulation in the early growth period increased,and the nitrogen accumulation of various organs increased,the nitrogen pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and nitrogen accumulation amount after anthesis increased significantly,but Nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen productive efficiency were all highest at 90 kg·hm-2and lowest at 300 kg·hm-2.In addition,with the progress of fertility,the difference of soil nitrate nitrogen content with nitrogen application increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and soil depth.Increasingly large,the difference between treatments can reach 160 cm in the mature stage,and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to the uptake of nitrogen by wheat.(6)Increased nitrogen application rate,soluble sugar content,sucrose content and starch content changed greatly,but when the threshold value was reached,the growth rate decreased.Among them,the accumulation of soluble sugar in the middle and late stages increased,and the sucrose content and starch content increased in each period after anthesis.The content of each protein component increased,the albumin was highest in 240 kg·hm-2,and the globulin was highest in 270 kg·hm-2.The prolamin and glutenin(storage protein)were the highest in 300 kg·hm-2 and the highest in 240 kg·hm-2.The protein content was 300 kg·hm-2,240 kg·hm-2,protein yield 240 kg·hm-2 was significantly improved compared to other nitrogen application rates.The dynamic changes showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the protein content in each period after flowering,but the effect of the increase to 240 kg·hm-2 began to weaken;the albumin were regulated by nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage,The globulin is regulated more during the whole filling period,while the gliadin and glutenin were sensitive to the nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage.The sedimentation value,the falling value,the formation time,the development time,the wet gluten and the gluten index are increased,and the water absorption rate is relatively stable with nitrogen fertilizer increased.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,wide strip sowing(WSS)with 240 kg·hm-2 improves water use efficiency,enhances Photosynthetic Characteristics of flag leaves,and promotes dry matter accumulation,to achieve high yield;in addition,showed that the nitrogen metabolism of the plants as improved,which was beneficial to the improvement of sugar and protein content,and the quality of wheat was improved.