| The Cerasus avium is an arboreal fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae Prunoideae Focke Cerasus Mill.,which is known as the"diamond in fruit."However,it is easy to freeze damage in the stage of Cerasus avium young tree cultivation in winter in Xinjiang.Therefore,the effects of different cold prevention measures on the ability of Cerasus avium to overwintering were studied and the effective cold prevention measures were screened out.It provides theoretical basis and technical support for Cerasus avium cold prevention technology in this area,and also lays a foundation for the healthy development of Cerasus avium industry in Turks and its surrounding areas.In this study,sweet cherries in a thousand acres of cherry groves in the Ili Turks area were studied,and8 kinds of cold-proof measures were adopted:Limewater,White paint,Plastic membrane,Hilling up+Straw screens,Felt,Straw screens,Hilling up,Hilling up+Felt.The main stem of Cerasus avium tree was sprayed and wrapped in the early winter,and combined with field air temperature observations,the annual shoots were collected in the dormant,mid dormant and dormant stages to determine their physiological index content changes.The semi-lethal temperature,the recovery rate of shoots,and the observation of Cerasus avium injury in the field in the following year were determined.Comparing and analyzing each index,using the principal component method,membership function method and cluster analysis to comprehensively evaluate the cold-proof measures.The main findings were as follows:（1）Experiment to study the effect of different cold protection measures on physiological characteristics and recovery growth rate of Cerasus avium.The results showed:Relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content were negatively correlated with overwintering,soluble sugar and proline content were positively correlated with overwintering.Soluble protein and protective enzyme activities were positively correlated with the overwintering of Cerasus avium and then increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature.Under the hilling up+straw screens treatments,the content of soluble protein was 33.75 mg·g-1when the temperature was-22℃,which was the highest and had significant difference with the control group,and then hilling up+felt;Among the three kinds of protective enzymes,the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in hilling up+straw screens were the highest.Under the cold-proof measures,hilling up+Straw screens treatment and hilling up treatment Cerasus avium tolerance critical low temperature was-23.20℃,-22.34℃lower than the control 6 degrees Celsius.The two treatment recovery rate of about 80%were higher than other treatments,While the recovery rate of CK treatment was only 43.89%in the later winter.（2）Experimental study on effects of different cold protection measures on freezing injury in field of Cerasus avium.The results showed:hilling up+straw screens and hilling up could alleviate the freezing damage effectively,the browning cold degree was the class I for the bark chinks of the trunk and phloem browning of branches;The browning cold degree for the bark chinks of the trunk about straw screens、hilling up+felt were the class I,phloem browning just for classⅡ;Such as plastic membrane,felt,white paint,limewater,the morphological indexes of frozen damage was more serious.For the browning rate of shoots,the treatment with hilling up+straw screens was the lowest,only 12%.（3）Comprehensive evaluation results showed that:The correlation analysis of physiological indexes showed that there was a certain correlation between the indexes.The physiological changes during the wintering period of Cerasus avium branches were the result of the interaction between the indexes.The principal component analysis showed that POD activity,CAT activity,protein,proline,conductivity,malondialdehyde,recovery growth rate and soluble sugar can be used as indicators for evaluating the overwintering ability of Cerasus avium.The correlation analysis of frost damage indicators showed that the primary frost damage rate had little effect on the growth and development of Cerasus avium in spring,and was mainly related to the secondary frost damage rate and the third frost damage rate.By using the membership function of the indicator,the results of the comprehensive analysis are consistent with the principal component analysis method.Both of them are optimal for soil and straw;The cluster analysis results show that,Protective effect can be divided into three categories,hilling up+straw screens and hilling up was better,straw screens and hilling up+felt was general,the worst of felt and other. |
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