| The reproduction records and production records from 2007 to 2019 of 56,306 Chinese Holstein cows from 40 herds in Henan were collected,17 functional traits and 9 productive traits were constructed and analyzed.Firstly,SAS 9.4 was used to analyze the influencing factors on functional traits,and then DMU software was used to estimate the variance components,breeding values,phenotypic correlations and genetic correlations of functional traits and production traits in combination with animal models and measurement day models,respectively.Finally,selection index of Henan Holstein cows was initially constructed to queue the cows,select some cows for genomic testing to verify the selection index,to establishing a genetic evaluation system for Holstein cattle in Henan Province.The results were as following:1.Functional traits of Holstein in Henan:(1)The descriptive statistics of Functional traits showed that the averages of AFS and AFC were 524.4 days and 760.7 days,the averages of IFL,NS and GL in heifer and cow were(33 days,130.5 days),(1.6 times,2.3 times),(277.1 days,277.4 days),respectively,the averages of ICF and CI in heifer and cow were 80 days and 429.2 days,and the average of PL was 899.3 days.(2)Herd and birth-year-season were the most significant effects on Functional traits(P<0.01),furthermore,parity,age of first service,breeder,sex-controlled,age of first service in current parity,and calving season of the previous parity also have significant effect on some Functional traits(P<0.01).(3)The range of estimated heritabilities(h2)of all Functional traits was 0.0104(SRc)to 0.2087(ICF).The range of estimated h2 in heifer and cow were 0.0159(NSh)to 0.1028(GLh)and 0.0104(SRc)to 0.2087(ICF),respectively.The estimated h2 of PL was 0.1007.The estimated h2 of IFL,CE and SR in heifer periods was higher than in cow periods,On the contrary,the estimated h2 of NS、GL、NRR56 in heifer periods was lower than in cow periods.In generally,AFC,IFLh,ICF,NRR56c and PL were medium heritability traits,and the remaining traits belong to the low heritability traits.2.Productive Traits of Holstein in Henan:(1)MY of 1 parity was less than 2 and≥3 parities,but there were no difference between 1,2 and≥3 parities of MFP and MPP.MUN of 1 parity was highest,SCS increases with parities.The averages of 305MY,DPY,PY and Per were 8,000 kg,75.3 d,34.2 kg and 7.5.(2)The estimated h2 for 1,2,≥ 3 parities of MY、MFP、MPP、MUN、SCS were(0.1798,0.1329,0.1344),(0.1951,0.2400,0.2769),(0.4669,0.3979,0.3620),(0.2398,0.1462,0.1309),(0.1092,0.0907,0.0907),respectively.The estimated h2 of 305MY、DPY、PY、Per were 0.1908,0.0327,0.1336,0.0470,respectively.3.Construction of Holstein Cattle Selection Index in Henan:(1)Phenotypic correlation:The phenotypic correlations of IFL,NS,GL,NRR56,CE and SR between the heifer and cow period ranged from-0.10 to 0.10.During the cow stage,there were highly phenotypic correlations between NRR56 and NS,CI and GL(0.92～0.98),there was highly phenotypic correlations between PL and AFC(0.80).The phenotypic correlation between 305MY and PY,DPY and Per was moderately correlated.Genetic correlation:There were highly genetic correlations between(IFL,ICF,NRR56 and NS),(ICF,CE and GL),(ICF and NRR56)(0.74～0.97).The genetic correlations between(CE and 305MY),(DPY,305MY and ICF),(GL and Per)were moderately negative correlation.(2)The weight of 305MY,MFP,MPP,SCS,AFC,IFLh,ICF,CEc and CI were 25、15、15、5、10、5、10、5、10,respectively.The selected index formula is:HPI=[25×30SMY+15 × MFP+15 ×MPP-5×SCS+10 ×AFC-5×IFLh+10×ICF-5×CEc-10×CI]/100+1000... |
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