Molecular Epidemioloic Study Of Cryptosporidium,Enterocytozoon Bieneusi And Giardia Duodenalis In Birds In Henan Provence

Cryptosporidium,Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis are three common zoonotic intestinal parasites that can be transmitted through a variety of pathways and are widely prevalent worldwide.They can infect humans,mammals and a variety of birds.Infection with these three parasites can cause diarrhea in the host.Normal immunity host can develop self-limited diarrhea.Immune-deficient hosts can develop persistent watery diarrhea which can lead to death in severe cases.Therefore,these three intestinal parasites pose a serious threat to public health,human health and the economic development of the livestock industry.At present,with the development of economy,the demand of birds is increasing,more and more people raise birds,people are more frequent contact with birds.However,as the host of many intestinal parasites,birds not only have a wide range of activities,but also a large variety,which greatly increases the risk of zoonotic parasites to humans and seriously threatens human health.In order to understand the prevalence of intestinal parasite in birds in Henan province.404 samples of bird feces in henan province were examined by Lugo’s iodine staining and Sheaher’s sugar floatation technique.The total infection rate of intestinal parasite was 73.51%.3.96%(16/404)of the samples were mixed infected by two parasites.In this study,a total of 6 intestinal parasites were detected,and the infection rates were 63.37%for Coccidia,5.45%for Strongylid spp.,0.50%for Trichostrongylidae,2.72%for Capillaris,3.96%for Ascaris and 1.49%for Trematoda spp.,Coccidia was the dominant species.In order to understand the prevalence and species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium,Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in Henan Province.1005 bird feces samples were collected from 7 regions in Henan Province.SSU rRNA gene loci were used to amplify Cryptosporidium by nested PCR.As a result,21 Cryptosporidium were found,and the total infection rate was 2.09%.The infection rate of Cryptosporidium in birds from different locations was 0-3.80%,and the infection rate was statistically significantly different(P<0.01).The highest infection rate was 3.80%in Kaifeng.No positive samples were found in Puyang,Zhumadian and Nanyang,and the infection rate was the lowest.The infection rates of Zhengzhou,Luoyang and Luohe were 2.95%,3.70%,and 1.32%,respectively.Five Cryptosporidium species were found,which were C.meleagridis(4/21),C.galli(5/21),and C.baileyi(10/21),C.andersoni(1/21),and C.parvum(1/21).C.baileyi is the dominant species.C.meleagridis,C.andersoni,and C.parvum are zoonotic.Based on the ITS locus,45 of E.bieneusi were amplified by nested PCR.The total infection rate was 4.48%,and only positive samples were detected in pigeon and turtle dove stool samples.The infection rates were 8.18%and 27.78%.Two genotypes were identified,which were Peru 6(44)and PtEb I(1).Peru 6 is the predominant genotype and belongs to Group 1,which is zoonotic.Nested PCR based on SSU rRNA,genes was used to amplify Giardia duodenum.The total infection rate was3.28%.All positive samples were found belong to assemblage E.In summary,the epidemiological analysis and zoonotic risk assessment of Cryptosporidium,E.bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis were carried out in birds in Henan Province.It provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis,microsporidiosis and Giardiasis in human and animals.