Study On The Difference Of Multi-omics Of Licorice Under Different Planting Years And Growth Environment

In the cultivation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the Dao-di characteristic(pursue high quality and good effect of cultured TCM)are emphasized,which is reflected in the important metabolic products and environmental adaptability of plants.Licorice,as an important TCM,the medicinal value is affected by a series of complex factors such as planting year and the growing environment.Therefore,to explored the key factors influencing the environmental adaptability mechanism of licorice,a multi-omics data is collected from licorice such as transcriptome and microbiome.Based on these omic data,the accumulation of important metabolites and drought resistance could be investigated and a multi-omics collaborative regulation model of licorice model could be established to find the key factors affecting the medicinal value of Licorice.In this work,we first analyze the chemical active ingredients of licorice,and the investigation results indicate that the content of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin of licorice is affected by planting years and growth environment.In addition,the difference of active ingredients is related to the transcriptome and rhizosphere microbiome of licorice.Secondly,in the analysis of transcriptome,we optimized the genetic structure of licorice and further conducted a differential analysis for wild and cultivated licorice.The results showed that a significant correlation between gene expression,planting year and growth environment could be detected.In wild licorice,some highly expressed genes are involved in biological processes related to drought resistance and metabolic secondary metabolites,such as amino acid metabolism,nitrogen compound metabolism and redox,which increased the content of active ingredients,and promoted the growth of licorice.This result could be used as a strong evidence to support the high medicinal value of wild licorice.Finally,in the analysis of microbiome,we found that the taxnomical distribution of microbial communities in rhizosphere and soil was statistically different in structure and relative abundance,and the growth environment is a greater influence factor than the year of planting on such difference based on statistical result.Based on biomarker analysis,we have detected representative and important functions of probiotics for licorice,such as Actinonobacteria and Acidobacteria.These probiotics dominate the metabolic processes of nitrogen compounds and secondary metabolites,and provide the function of resisting environmental stress.They play a key role in the improvement of the value of the herbal medicine.In addition,the functions of some rhizosphere probiotics are consistent with the functions of some highly expressed genes,indicating that the microbiome and transcriptome of licorice are associated with chemical active ingredients.In general,based on the study of transcriptome,microbiome and chemical active ingredients,we reveal the differences in polymics data of licorice and its correlation with medicinal value and phenotypic characteristics.