| The planting area of spring maize in the northwest of Hebei province mainly adopts the traditional intensive farming,with more artificial input and higher production cost.Aiming at the problem of high yield and low efficiency,In this study,9 spring maize varieties were selected,namely,Jingnongke728,Jingnongke828,Jiyuan108,Jinnong738,Nongda372,Heweigui998,Zhangli178,Liyu112 and Yufeng613,a comparative study on mechanical direct harvesting characteristics of different spring maize varieties in the cold and dry region of northwest Hebei province was conducted,by measuring the strength of the third lamination at the base of the corn,and observing the microstructures of the stem segments,the related agronomic characteristics and physiological characteristics of the stem segments with light microscope,the relationship between grain moisture content and vascular bundle microstructure,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,filling rate,dehydration rate,effective accumulated temperature and yield loss rate of the third segment at the base of the stem were analyzed,the characteristics of suitable mechanized grain harvesting varieties were compared,and the varieties suitable for direct harvesting of spring maize seeds in northwest Hebei were identified.The main research results are as follows:1、Analyzed the correlation between the characters,it is concluded that appropriate mechanized grain varieties with other varieties of differences,suitable for screening for straight grain of spring maize varieties to provide the reference base of stem vascular bundle number in the third quarter to stem the direct effect of flexural strength and the largest for positive correlation,the vascular bundle sheath average diameter,phloem area,the direct effect of lignin against folding force are positive,instructions and flexural strength of positive correlation;The maximum area of vascular bundle,the thickness of epidermal cells and the direct effects of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase against the breaking strength were all negative,indicating that the direct effects were negatively correlated with the breaking strength.Among the tested varieties,jingnongke728 and zhang grain 178 had the largest number of vascular bundles,the largest average diameter of vascular bundle stem,phloem area and lignin content,the largest vascular bundle area,epidermal cell thickness and the lowest content of phenylalanine ammonia lyase,so the stem had the best lodging resistance and the strongest lodging resistance.2、The direct effects of accumulated temperature on grain moisture content of spring maize were the largest and negatively correlated,and the direct effects of milk line ratio,grain weight and filling rate on grain moisture content were all positive,indicating that filling rate,grain weight and milk line ratio were positively correlated with grain moisture content.Therefore,the suitable direct grain harvesting varieties should be selected to select the important spring maize varieties with short effective accumulation temperature,fast filling,fast growth of milk line and 100 grains.Among the tested varieties,Jingnongke728,Zhangli178,Jinnong738 and Nongda372 have the best filling characteristics and the fastest dehydration rate,so it is most suitable for direct grain harvesting.3、The soluble sugar content of era 108,jinnong738 and heweigui998 was significantly lower than that of other varieties.The soluble protein content of Heweigui998,Jiyuan108 and Jinnong738 was significantly lower than that of other varieties,and the content of Jingnongke728 was significantly higher than that of other varieties.The content of SPAD in leaves of Jingnongke728 and Jingnongke828 was significantly higher than that of other varieties.In terms of agronomic traits,the stem thickness of Jinongke728 and Jinnong372 were significantly higher than that of other varieties,the leaf Angle of Jingnongke728 and Jingnongke828 was significantly lower than that of other varieties,and leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and root traits of Jingnongke728 were significantly better than that of other varieties.In summary,the agronomic characters of Jingnongke728 and Jingnongke828 were better than other varieties.4、In terms of yield traits,the panicle weight,panicle thickness,axle weight,panicle length,panicle row number and row grain number of Jingnongke728,Jingnongke828 and Jiyuan108 were significantly higher than other spring maize varieties.Jingnongke728,Jingnongke828 bulk density significantly lower than other varieties;The grain yield of Jingnongke728 was significantly higher than that of other varieties,32.83% higher than that of Heweigui998 which had the lowest grain yield.In summary,the yield of Jingnongke728 was better than that of other varieties.In order to reduce the damage rate and lodging rate during spring maize harvest,corn harvest should meet the following conditions: stem thickness is moderate and hard;Hard grain shape,low water content and fast dehydration when ripe;Panicle position neat,not greying,leaves included Angle moderate characteristics.Based on the comprehensive consideration of the indexes of 9 spring maize varieties in this experiment,the harvest characters of Jingnongke728,Jingnongke828 and Zhangli178 were better than other varieties,which were suitable for direct grain harvesting. |
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