Selection And Evaluation Of Maize Varieties Suitable For Machine Harvesting

The development of modern corn production mode has gradually changed to the whole mechanized direction.In this study,different maize varieties were selected.By measuring the yield,resistance,lodging resistance,grain crushing rate,impurity ratio and water content,the paper selected the best varieties suitable for machine harvest,and analyzed the correlation between the mechanical harvest characters and the grey correlation degree.The relationship between them and the main harvest characters was clarified,which laid the foundation for the selection of the better varieties suitable for machine harvesting.The main results are as follows:1.Based on the investigation of the average conversion yield of different maize varieties,it was found that the conversion yield of 21 varieties in 36 maize hybrid combinations was higher than that of the control.The varieties with higher yield than the control were Qianyu 9632(8296.81 kg/hm~2),SW2025(8186.02 kg/hm~2)and Chengdan739(7915.47 kg/hm~2)97%,xianghuiyu 1(7633.97 kg/hm~2)was 19.57%.2.According to the analysis and comparison of mechanical harvest characters of 36varieties,16 varieties with impurity rate less than or equal to 3%were xianghuiyu 1,Luoyu1,Zhengdan 958,Yudan 9953 and sau210;11 varieties with grain breakage rate less than or equal to 5%were Luoyu 1,Zhongnong 5,Zhengdan 958,Yudan 9953 and Miandan 270;11varieties with grain moisture content less than or equal to 5%were Chengdan 739,Tiandan 4,sw2025,KN2040 and KN2014 all of them are less than or equal to 25%.3.According to the investigation of lodging rate,lodging rate and disease resistance in the field,there are 11 varieties with the sum of lodging rate and lodging rate less than 5%,which are xianghuiyu No.1,Zhongnong No.5,Chengdan 312,Bidan 35,Bidan 36,Jingyu No.7,Yudan 8075,KN2040,KN2014,qian543 and Zhenyu 2369,respectively;the main diseases in the field are big leaf spot,small leaf spot and sheath blight,and the incidence level is grade 1.4.Correlation analysis of mechanical harvest related traits showed that ear length,bald tip length and grain moisture content were significantly positively correlated with grain breakage rate,impurity rate was significantly positively correlated with grain breakage rate,ear length and grain moisture content were significantly correlated with impurity rate,and grain breakage rate was significantly correlated with impurity rate;The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the grain moisture content had the highest correlation with grain breakage and impurity content.Therefore,from the results of the two analysis methods,in selecting new combinations suitable for mechanization,grain moisture content should be put in the first place,and other traits should be considered as a whole.5.Through the correlation analysis and grey correlation degree analysis of ear characters and grain moisture content,it was found that bract length had a great influence on grain moisture content.Comprehensive analysis showed that xianghuiyu No.1,Zhongnong No.5,Jingyu No.7,KN2040 and KN2014 had high yield,strong lodging resistance,low grain breakage rate,low impurity rate and low grain moisture content,which were suitable for mechanical harvesting.They could be used as excellent varieties for the development of mechanized harvesting technology in this region and provide reference for further expanding planting area.