| Lilium spp.is a perennial herbal bulbous flower of Lilium in the family Liliaceae,which is one of the top five cut flowers in the world and has important ornamental,edible and medicinal value.However,there has always been an important problem in the commercial production of Lily.That is the pollen pollution.During the flowering process,pollen is scattered in large quantities,seriously contaminating petals,reducing the ornamental value of flowers and shortening their ornamental life.At the same time,someone who contact pollen or inhaled pollen tend to produce pollen allergy and other adverse reactions.That is the pollen disease.In order to reduce the above adverse effects caused by the Lily powder in the production process,the main method used at present is the artificial erasure of anthers.However,such operations inevitably damage the flowers,reduce their ornamental value.And this method is time-consuming,laborious and increasing production costs.In addition,this operation has poor applicability and cannot be used in the species of planted lilies for landscaping.Therefore,it is necessary to study the use of chemical exfoliation agent treatment method to reduce the pollen volume of lily anther or make its stamens abortion.And this study can be the foundation of the Lily chemical exfoliation related research and non-pollen pollution lily molecular breeding.In this experiment,we selected three kinds of lily with great demand as test materials,Sorbonne,Conca D’or and Siberia.At the same time,we selected two types of Emasculation agents,Tribenuron and Ethephon.At first,we explored the relationship between Microspore development and flower organ morphology.In addition,not only we determine the concentration of the drug treatment,but also further position the effective impact of the period.Furthermore,we made the analysis of the morphological and cytological differences before and after the treatment of exfoliation agent,in order to determine the type,concentration and treatment period of exfoliation agent.Only in this way can we make the foundation of Lily chemical exfoliation research and pollen free lily molecular breeding research.The main findings are as follows:There was a positive correlation between the development of anthers and the maturity of flower organs.The size of bud,anther,pistil and the color of its anther are closely related to the development degree of pollen mother cells.The length of the Conca D’or’ s bud is about 2.5cm-6.0cm.When the length of bud is less than 2.9cm,it is in the period of spore cell stage;When the length of Bud is about 2.9cm-3.4cm,it is at the pollen mother cell stage;When the length of Bud is about 3.4cm-4.8cm,it is at the meiotic stage;When the length of Bud is around 4.8cm-5.9cm,it is at the single core stage;When the bud length is greater than 5.9cm,it enters the mature pollen grain stage.The length of the Siberia’s buds are about 3.0cm-6.5cm.When the bud length is less than 3.5cm,it is in the period of spore cell;When the bud length is 3.5cm to 4.0cm,it is in the mother cell stage;When the bud length is 4.0cm to 5.4cm,it is in the period of meiosis;When the bud length is 5.4cm to 6.0cm,Siberia is in a single-core period;When the bud length was greater than 6.0cm,Siberia enters the mature pollen grain stage.In addition,chromosome behavior in different buds of different plants or plants was not synchronized.Each anther in the same bud is basically synchronized,but there was a slight unsynchronized phenomenon in the later stage of meiosis.This behavior is the adaptive evolution of plants.The exfoliation agent,Tribenuron and Ethephon,were effective,significantly reducing the pollen volume of Siberia and Conca D or.But it has no significant effect on the Sorbone.The most effective exfoliation agent for the treatment of Conca D or is Tribenuron,and the best concentration is 0.5μg·ml-1.The optimum period of the treatment of Conca D or was the pollen mother cell stage.Being treated with the concentration,the amount of single anther pollen is significantly lower than the control by 33.8%.And the number of pollen mother cells in the pollen sac was significantly reduced at the mother cell stage.At the same time,the most effective exfoliation agent for the treatment of Siberia was Ethylene,and the concentration was 500μg·ml-1.The optimum period of the treatment of Siberia was the pollen mother cell stage.Being treated with the concentration,the amount of single anther pollen is significantly lower than the control by 27%.However,the exfoliation agent has no effect on the ornamental value of the lily.There was no significant difference in the ornamental life and the blooming days between the treatment group and the control group.As a result,the pollen mother cell stage was the best treatment period of the Conca D or and Siberia.And there was a big difference in the treatment effect of exfoliation agent on different lily varieties.After the treatment of exfoliation agent,the four-layer structure of lily anther was intact without abnormality,but.It is indicated that pollen mother cells are most susceptible to emasculation. |
