Establishment Of Technical System Of Pepper Anthere And Research Of Meiosis Of Pollen Mother Cell In Pepper Interspecific Hybrids

Pepper(Capsicum spp.)belong to Solanaceae,Solaninae Dunal,Capsicum and perennial or annual herb vegetable crops.Pepper plants are often cross-pollination,the higher rate of natural hybridization,using traditional conventional breeding methods to cultivate new varieties of peppers,time-consuming,low and breeding efficiency.Anther culture can obtain homozygous lines in a short time,improve breeding efficiency.Pepper chromosome number is 2n=24.Meiotic chromosome variety of abnormal behavior is an important factor leading to inter-species hybrid seed peppers low.To fully understand the meiosis in pepper,and can provide a theoretical basis for the pepper cytology breeding,germplasm and genetic improvement.In this experiment,the exploration and research of pepper anther culture factors further optimized pepper anther culture system,aimed at creating a simple,efficient culture system of pepper anther.Meanwhile,in the present experiment were C.annuum PBC1366 as female(P1),C.chinense PI439487 male parent(P2)for inter-species hybridization chili obtained F1 hybrid plants and to C.chacoense PI260426 as female(P1),C.chinense PI439487 between male parent(P2)were obtained interspecific hybrids F1 hybrid plants species as test materials,for various periods of F1 pollen meiosis were observed and analyzed in detail.The results are as follows:1.Impact pepper microspore developmental stages of anther cultureMonocyte-aside period is most suitable for small spores developmental stages of pepper anther culture.Sepals and petals long or slightly longer than the calyx petals,anthers tipped lavender,then pepper anther microspores in early and mid-stage monocytes.There is some correlation between the external morphology and pepper buds microspore developmental stages,bud external morphology as selecting suitable anther culture of one of the criteria.2.Factors affecting pepper anther culture1)genotype:test used 16 genotypes,have 10 genotypes obtained embryoid bodies,including five genotypes obtain robust regenerated plants.'Sue pepper 17A' of the embryo highest rate reached 22%,and get regenerated.2)carbon impact:maltose as a carbon source,the concentration of 20g/L when,'S52' of embryos highest rate of embryos was 12.5%,followed by 20g/L of sucrose,'S27','S52' of embryos rate of 2.5%,20g/L glucose did not induce somatic embryogenesis.3)AgNO3 effects:AgNO3 concentration of 6mg/L when,'S26' of embryos highest rate can reach 8.3%.4)the impact of activated carbon(AC):The activated carbon concentration 6g/L when,'S54','S55' of embryos highest rate reached 2.5 percent.The best pepper anther culture medium for embryoid induction was selected in this experiment.The medium is:MS + 7g/L agar + 0.5mg/L NAA + 1.0mg/L KT + 20g/L maltose + 6g/L AC + 6mg/L AgNO3 and significantly enhances anther embryogenesis rate.3.Pepper study meiotic behavior of pollen mother cellsThe test material with a C.annuum PBC1366 as female(P1)and C.chinense PI439487 male parent(P2)for inter-species hybridization pepper hybrid plants obtained F1,its pollen mother cells,a total of 486 cells were observed in the early I to tetrad.Material two to C.chacoense PI260426 as female(P1)and C.chinense PI439487 male parent(P2)interspecific F1 hybrid plants obtained interspecific hybridization,pollen mother cells to a total of 487 cells were observed in the early ? to tetrad.Cytokinesis types are all simultaneous type,and both are the presence of a variety of chromosomal abnormalities act together include:chromosome hysteresis,division is not synchronous,chromosome bridge phenomenon.If the female parent of hybridization is different,then the probability of the emergence of different types and chromosomal abnormality is also different.Two materials in addition to chromosome lag caused by its main plant abortion,the material one also includes micronucleus and chromosome bridge phenomenon,the material two also includes chromosome bridge phenomenon.