Preparation Of Attapulgite And Plant Essential Oil Complex And Their Application In Pigeon Industry

In this work,attapulgite clay was taken as the basis and mixed with plant essential oils as the starting point to carry out studies around green farming,aiming to fully develop the utilization value of attapulgite clay in graziery.In this work,the preparation process of attapulgite complex was optimized,and its physicochemical properties and antibacterial properties were studied.The effects of attapulgite and plant extracts on the quality of pellet feed were explored,and the effects of single component or compound feeding on various indicators of white-feather royal pigeons were studied.The results were as follows:(1)In the preparation of APT-GOs complex,compared with the mechanical stirring,the complex prepared by emulsification,ultrasonic mixing,rotary steam and other processes was more deeply mixed and uniform,but the bearing rate decreased.The optimal preparation parameters of attapulgite and garlic oil composite were as follows:the ratio of essential oil to solvent 1.3,ultrasonic time 1.4h and rotary evaporation temperature 34.3℃.Under these parameters,the oil content of composite was 34.73%,which was close to the predicted va lue of response surface model.In addition,the essential oil carrying capacity of attapulgite under mechanical stirring method is between 35.2%and 43.0%,which is higher than that of montmorillonite.(2)In vitro antibacterial studies,cinnamon oil and or egano oil showed stronger antibacterial activity than neomycin sulfate on Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella and Escherichia coli,and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of cinnamon oil and oregano oil was less than 1.2mg/m L.The antimicrobial activity of ginger oil and garlic oil was similar,with MIC of no more than12.8mg/m L to the three strains.The MIC of both capsaicum oil and attapulgite were more than25.6mg/m L,but the essential oil was carried and adsorbed bacteria around attapulgite,thu s synergically enhancing the targeted bacteriostatic effect of essential oil.(3)Adding attapulgite or attapulgite essential oil complex can improve the performance of pellet feed.In terms of hardness,all the diets were above 3.5,but the durability coef ficient(PDI)of most pellet diets was lower than 96%.Compared with the control group,the addition of attapulgite could significantly improve the hardness of pellet diets.The pellet diets in 1.2%APT group had the highest hardness,and the addition of 0.8%APT compound also significantly improved the hardness of pellet diets.There was no significant difference between APT and adding 1.2%alone;The pellet feed supplemented with 0.8%APT compound group had the highest PDI,which was more than 96%.Addition of attapulgite essential oil compound significantly reduced the mildew rate of feed,but the effect was slightly worse than that of propionic acid.(4)Compared with the control group,the final weight and feed/gain of the attapulgite group were improved but not significantly in the feeding experiment of white king pigeons;Capsaicum oil,mixed oil and attapulgite compound significantly increased final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of child pigeons.Compared with antibiotics,attapulgite compound significantly improved final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of child pigeons.There was no significant difference in brisket quality among all groups,and the brisket b~*value in complex group and competing group was significantly lower than that in control group.In the sensory evaluation,the brisket juiciness was better in the pepper oil group.At the same time,the total score and tenderness score of mixed oil group and compound group were more than 5%higher than those of control group.In terms of immune organ index,the spleen index of child pigeon in antibiotic group,garlic oil group,mixed oil group and compound group were increased by 6.4%,35.0%,23.0%and 25.0%,respectively,compared with the control group.In serum biochemical analysis,SOD activity in serum of children pigeons in garlic oil group were significantly increased compared with control group.Compared with control group and antibiotic group,serum T-AOC and GSH contents in capsicum oil group were significantly increased.Serum GSH content in mixed oil group was significantly higher than that in control group.In terms of diarrhea,the diarrhea frequencies of control group,neomycin sulfate,garlic oil,capsicum oil,mixed oi l group and compound group were 21.56,5.47,9.84,13.41,11.27,6.85.The frequency of diarrhea was highly correlated with supplemental MBC(r=0.902).Compared with the control group,duodenal villus length and VCR were increased in all treatment groups except the pepper oil group,and the crypt depth was increased by the pepper oil group.In conclusion,attapulgite as a carrier for the preparation of plant essential oil complex has the value of promotion in poultry production,for the replacement of gro wth promoting antibiotics,improve production efficiency has practical significance.