| Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.is a perennial aquatic plant of the genus Lycium.It i s the only aquatic flower in traditional Chinese flowers and has a high ornamental value.There are many varieties of lotus flowers,and their flowers are multi-faceted and rich in color.At present,there is a certain research basis for the germplasm r esources of lotus in China,but there is still a lack of systematic organization and a nalysis.With the development of modern horticulture,the demand for potted lotus fl owers and fresh cut flowers is increasing.However,due to the lack of scientific ev aluation methods for special varieties of potted plants and cut flowers,the varieties used in production are very confusing,which severely limits the flower pot flowers.And standardized production and breeding of cut flowers.In view of the above pr oblems,this study systematically sorted and analyzed the 26 personality indexes of 116 lotus varieties,laying the foundation for the subsequent breeding of varieties;fur ther selecting 36 small and medium-sized varieties,using the gray decision-making method Comprehensive evaluation was carried out to select the small and medium-si zed lotus varieties suitable for potted plants with good comprehensive traits.The agr onomic traits such as storage and transportation characteristics and cultivation adapta bility of 40 lotus varieties were evaluated.Post-harvest aging characteristics and vas e life were analyzed.Finally,the grey situation decision method was used to evalua te the ornamental traits such as flower color,flower state,petal shape,flower densit y and flower pattern.After comprehensive analysis,the final screening was suitable for cutting flowers.Variety.The main results of this study are as follows:1.Analysis of lotus germplasm resourcesTaking 116 lotus varieties as experimental materials,they were divided into two types:large plant type and medium and small plant type.From April to August 2018,a total of 26 related morphological and ornamental traits were observed and recorded,and the relationship between traits,traits and plant type and traits were analyzed.The analysis results are as follows:(1)From the analysis of the quality traits of the seedlings,the general expansion rate of the seedlings was the highest before transplanting,the rate of swelling was second,and the rate of expansion was the lowest;the shape of the seedlings was long and short,and extremely short.It has fewer beads,and has the lowest number of whip.The large plant type is dominated by long tube-shaped seedlings,and the small and medium plant type is mainly short-tube type seedlings;the cross-section of the seedlings is more oblate,the circle is second,and the near-square varieties are relatively rare.Among them,the large plant type is mainly oblate,and the small and medium plant type is mainly round;the epidermis and clam meat are mainly yellow-white,and the epidermis is smooth and variety;the taro is mainly sharp and pointed.The shape of the end of the internode is mainly tapered.Except for the cross-sectional shape and the skin color,the remaining traits were consistent on the plant type.(2)From the analysis of the quantitative traits of the species,the length of the scorpion was 5-10 cm,the order was 10-15 cm,the 1-5 cm was less,and the variety above 20 cm was the least,which was consistent in each plant type.However,there was no positive correlation between plant type and length of sorghum;the variation coefficient of cultivar length of different cultivars was different,and the consistency of sorghum length of small and medium sized plants was better than that of large plant type.The diameter of the scorpion is 20-30mm long,the next is 10-20mm,the less is 30-40mm,the least variety is more than 40mm,and the performance is consistent in each plant type;the variation coefficient of the diameter of the scorpion is large,large plant The consistency of the diameter of the scorpion is better than that of the small and medium plant type.(3)From the ornamental traits of flowers,the lotus varieties were mainly in the shape of bowl,double,red and dense flowers,and the traits were consistent in each plant type.Among them,the spheroidal and thousand-petal flowers only appear in the large plant type;from the flower pattern and the flower state analysis,the bowl-shaped,butterfly-like,flying-like,and globular flower-like patterns are mainly double-flowered flowers,cup-shaped Flowers are mainly single-lobed.(4)From the analysis of flower buds,the shape of flower buds is mainly peach-shaped and peach-shaped,with fewer oval and round peach varieties;the color of flower buds is mainly red;each trait is consistent in plant type.(5)From the flower diameter analysis,the varieties with the flower diameter of 10-20cm in the lotus variety are the most;the flower diameter is one of the criteria for plant type division,but the flower diameter of some varieties in the large plant type is less than 18cm,and vice versa.There are also varieties with a flower diameter of more than 18cm,so the standard of flower diameter as a plant type is to be discussed;the variation of flower diameter varies greatly,the size difference of small and medium plant type is smaller than that of large plant type,and the flower path consistency is also larger.Good plant type.(6)From the analysis of leaf traits,the leaf length is mainly 20-40cm,less than 50cm and less than 20cm;the variety with the leaf length variation below 15cm is the most,and the leaf length variation of small and medium plant type is small;the leaf length variation coefficient The variety is the most in the range of 0.2-0.63,and the leaf length of large plant type is consistent.The leaf width is the most in the range of 20-40cm,the small and medium plant type is below 20cm,the large plant type is more than 40cm,the most variety is the leaf width variation of 15cm or less,and the leaf length variation of small and medium plant type is small;The coefficient of variation of leaf width is mainly 0.2-0.5,and the leaf width of large plant type is consistent.Compared with the leaf area,the leaf area was the most in the range of 600-900 cm2,followed by 0-300 cm2,300-600 cm2;the large plant type leaf area was mainly 900 cm2 or more,and the small and medium plant type leaf area was mainly 900 cm2 or less.(7)From the analysis of male pistil traits,the stamens were partially lobed,the normal cultivars were the second,the full-vegetated cultivars were the least;the appendages were small,and the large cultivars were larger.The main,medium and small plant types are mainly small accessory species,and the plant type is related to the size of the appendage;the color of the appendage is mainly white,the yellow is the second,and the red is the least.The development status of pistil was analyzed.The pistil was mainly developed.The normal development rate of large plant type pistil was higher than that of small and medium plant type.The rate of partial or partial petalization of small and medium plant type was higher than that of large plant type.(8)From the analysis of the developmental morphology of the male pistil,the male pistils have the same morphological development;the varieties with the same morphological development have the most normal traits,followed by all the petalization or blistering,and some of the vesicles.Minimize or clarify.Each trait showed consistent performance in the plant type.(9)From the analysis of flower stalk and petiole height,the height of flower stalk in lotus variety was mainly 40-80cm;the variation coefficient of flower stalk height of different cultivars was large,and the consistency of large plant stalk height was worse than that of small plant type..The coefficient of variation of leaf stalk height of different varieties was different,the consistency of large plant type petiole height was better than that of small and medium plant type,and the variability of large plant type petiole was small.(10)From the analysis of leaf posture and flower posture,the lotus varieties are mainly concave leaves,the flat leaves are the second,the inverted leaves and the flying geese are less,the convex leaves are the least,and the plant type is characterized by neutral characters.Consistent.From the flower position analysis,the flowers were the most varieties with higher leaves,and the large-type varieties of the tested varieties were all higher than the leaves.2.Selection of lotus varieties suitable for potted lotusThirty-six small and medium-sized lotus varieties were used as research objects.A total of 21 indicators,such as species,flowers,leaves and other traits,were recorded and recorded.The gray situation decision method was used to evaluate and screen the varieties for the special purpose of potted flower production.The scientific evaluation method of lotus varieties is to select a batch of special lotus varieties for comprehensive traits for production.The weighted upper limit effect measure value is selected as the evaluation standard,and the larger the measure value is,the better the comprehensive character of the variety is.After comprehensive analysis,the top 25%of the varieties are’Jin Fenghuang’,’XinYunjin’、’Danbanjinxia’、’Qian Si’、’Fen Mudan13’、’Hong Ri’、’ZhuFengCuiYing’、’Hong Chun’.These varieties have good ornamental value and great development potential,and are suitable for potted lotus production.3.Selection of lotus varieties suitable for cutting flowersUsing 40 lotus varieties as test materials,the six cultivation traits of flower shank hardness,flower thorn density,storage and transportation characteristics,pest resistance,cultivation difficulty and cultivation adaptability were evaluated by visual observation method;The decision-making method evaluated the seven ornamental traits of flower color,flower state,petal type,floral fragrance,flower density,flower pattern and plant type;and comprehensively analyzed the aging characteristics of the bottle vase life and bottle insertion process.Through analysis,a total of 6 varieties suitable for the most cut flowers were obtained,namely,’FuoZuolian’、’JinPingguo’、Xa3-3-3、’Xa5-1-3、’Xa7-1-2,、’Xa8-2-4’. |
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