| AnnGro(?)(3%lecithin and vitamin E SC)is a new herbicide biological adjuvant from soybean,which was invented by Northwest University of South Africa.Its main components are lecithin and vitamin E.Previous studies showed that AnnGro(?) could be used as a foliar fertilizer absorption promoter and seed dressing agent to promote the growth of maize,wheat,potatoes,cabbage and kiwifruit.Previous studies in this laboratory showed that AnnGro(?) had synergistic effects on herbicides in wheat field,paddy field and wasteland which was due to AnnGro(?) could effectively reduce the contact angle and surface tension of the liquid,the wetting and spreading ability of the solution and the absorption and conductivity of the solution in weeds were improved.However,the synergistic effect of AnnGro(?) on wheat herbicides in the field is not clear.Vitacat(?)(0.136%0.136%GA·IAA·BR WP)is a plant growth regulator developed by German scientists.It contains gibberellic acid,brassinolide,indole acetic acid,abscisic acid,jasmonic acid and other natural plant endogenous hormones,more than 10 flavonoids,nearly 20 amino acids and stress-resistant inducers,etc.Vitacat(?) is widely used in field crops,cash crops,fruit trees,vegetables,mushrooms,algae,lawn grass,garden flowers,etc.It can induce plants to improve stress resistance,increase yield and improve quality of crops,relieve pesticide damage,break dormancy,etc.However,the effects of Vitacat(?) mixed with herbicides on the physiological metabolism of weeds and crops have rarely been reported.AnnGro(?) and Vitacat(?) are the general agents of Beijing Plum Agricultural Trade Co.,Ltd..Entrusted by the company,field experiments were carried out to further verify the synergistic effect of AnnGro(?) on wheat field herbicides,and to provide experimental basis for the popularization and application of AnnGro(?) as a synergistic adjuvant of wheat field herbicides.In this study,Vitacat(?) was mixed with herbicides to investigate the effects of Vitacat(?) and herbicides on weeds and crops,and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the feasibility of Vitacat(?) as a plant growth regulator and herbicide.The main results are as follows:Synergistic effect of adjuvants AnnGro(?) on grassy and broadleaf weeds herbicide efficacy in winter wheat field:To find out whether the mixture of wheat herbicide and 45 mL/hm2 AnnGro(?) tank-mixed can improve the control effect on gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat field or not,the wheat field herbicide 50%Isoproteron WP(1.8、2.25、3.375 kg/hm2),5%Pinoxaden EC(840、1050、1575 mL/hm2),7.5%Pyroxsulam WDG(300、375、562.5 mL/hm2)and 3%Mesosulfuron-methyl WDG(420、525、787.5 mL/hm2)were tested in wheat field.The results showed that when AnnGro(?)was mixed with the above herbicides,the occurrence time of herbicidal symptoms was 2-3 days earlier than that of gramineous weed herbicides alone and 2-4 days earlier than that of broad-leaved weed herbicides alone.45 days after treatment,AnnGro(?) could significantly improve the control effect of gramineous herbicides on the plant and fresh weight of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.,which were low dose:6.34%-11.93%and 7.52%-12.81%,medium dose:15.44%-20.03%and 17.25%-19.79%high dose 12.56%-13.06%and 8.43%-14.15%,respectively.The control effect and fresh weight control effect of herbicides on the effective and fresh weight of Galium aparine var.Tenerum were significantly increased,respectively:low dose:10.74%～12.20%and 11.83～14.14%,medium dose:8.40%～11.49%and 10.78%～12.42%,high dose:2.74%～3.44%and 3.43%～4.76%.For the two kinds of herbicides,the most obvious increase weed control efficacy was in the middle dose.The herbicide reduction of 20%was mixed with AnnGro(?)could achieve the effect of single high dose herbicide.In addition,the weeding effect was the same of medium dose of herbicide+AnnGro(?)+45 g/hm2 Vitacat(?) with the same dose of herbicide+AnnGro(?) which was significantly promoted the growth of wheat and increased the yield of wheat.Effects on physiological metabolism of barnyard grass and rice after using VitCat(?)and 25 g/L penoxsulam OD:Echinochloa crusgalli var.mitis and Oryza sativa L.of Minghui 63 Indica Conventional Rice(Oryza sativa L.)at 3-4 leaf stage were used as research objects.25 g/L penoxsulam OD(1200 mL/hm2)and VitCat(?)(45 g/hm2)were used separately and mixed.The symptoms and damage grades of Echinochloa crusgalli var.mitis and Oryza sativa L.were investigated and recorded on 1,3,5 and 7 days treated by penoxsulam alone,and the comprehensive index of weed damage was calculated.The activity of acetolactate synthase(ALS),the target enzyme of penoxsulam,the content of soluble protein and malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined.The changes of sugar metabolism,nitrogen metabolism and some endogenous hormones were also determined.The results showed that the comprehensive index of pesticide damage increased by 11.6%and the activity of ALS decreased by 8.06%on the 7th day after treatment with VitCat(?) and penoxsulam compared with penoxsulam alone.The soluble protein content decreased and the MDA content increased in both treatments which showed the same performance.The activities of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)increased first and then decreased sharply under the two treatments which also showed the same trend.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)had no significant difference between the 1st,5th and 7th day treated by penoxsulam alone,but decreased by 16.51%on the 3rd day.Compared with penoxsulam alone,there was no significant difference in reducing sugar content within 7 days after treatment with VitCat(?) and penoxsulam.The soluble sugar content increased by 16.98%and 8.50%on the 1st and 3rd after penoxsulam alone,and decreased by 13.90%and 22.63%on the 5th and 7th treated by penoxsulam alone.The activity of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)increased by 17.94%on the 1st,decreased by 36.75%on the 7th,and decreased by 17.70%on the 7th.Compared with penoxsulam alone,there was no significant difference between total nitrogen content and nitrate reductase(NR)activity within 7 days after penoxsulam alone,glutamate synthase(GOGAT)activity decreased by 43.48%and glutamine synthase(GS)activity decreased by 14.65%-55.36%within 5 days treated by penoxsulam alone.For endogenous hormones,there was no significant difference between the contents of IAA,BR and GA on the 5th day treated by penoxsulam alone,but the content of ABA increased by 22.10%.For rice,the relative activity of ALS increased by 10.42%-18.79%within 3-7 days after treatment with VitCat(?) and penoxsulam,compared with that of penoxsulam alone within 1-7 days.The soluble protein content increased by 18.92%-36.09%within 1-7 days treated by penoxsulam alone,and there was no significant difference in MDA.The activity of SOD and POD increased by 6.20%,26.90%and 35.09%and 21.02%respectively on the 5th and 7th day treated by penoxsulam alone,and the activity of CAT increased by 8.24%to 31.91%on the 3rd to 7th day treated by penoxsulam alone.The soluble sugar content,reducing sugar content and SPS activity increased by 17.29%-29.71%,16.90%-26.12%,14.83%-24.63%and SS activity increased by 17.12%on the 7th day,respectively.The total nitrogen content,GOGAT and GS activity of rice increased by 13.91%-26.18%,17.37%-37.37%and 29.94%-42.13%respectively within 3-7 days treated by penoxsulam alone,and the NR activity increased by 33.14%and 49.85%respectively within 5 and 7 days after treatment.The contents of IAA,BR and GA increased by 32.82%,39.76%and 18.83%respectively within 5 days treated by penoxsulam alone,there was no significant difference in ABA content.In summary,the drug damage of barnyard grass increased after 7 days treatment the mixture of VitCat(?) and penoxsulam,,and the activity of ALS decreased significantly.The possible reason is that treatment with the mixture of VitCat(?) and penoxsulam in 1-3 days improves the sugar metabolism level of barnyard grass,promotes the synthesis and transport of substances in the body,which may be conducive to the absorption and transmission of penoxsulam by barnyard grass,and promotes its penoxsulam,thus aggravating the decline of sugar and nitrogen metabolism level of barnyard grass treated by penoxsulam alone in 7 days,and leads to the sucrose and ammonia of barnyard grass.The synthesis of starch and protein was hindered by the synthesis of basic acids,which aggravated the damage of barnyard grass.ABA content increased significantly in 5 days after the mixture of VitCat(?) and penoxsulam,which accelerated the senescence of barnyard grass and aggravated the damage degree of barnyard grass.There was no significant difference between mixed and single use of VitCat(?) and penoxsulam in the resistance index of barnyard grass.The addition of VitCat(?) could not improve the resistance of barnyard grass,therefore it would not weaken the herbicide’s efficacy on barnyard grass.For rice,the soluble protein content of rice increased significantly within 1-7 days after the mixture of VitCat(?) and penoxsulam,which was conducive to maintaining the normal osmotic regulation ability of rice;the significant increase of antioxidant enzyme activity was conducive to protecting plant membrane system and enhancing the stress resistance of rice.At the same time,the level of sugar and nitrogen metabolism,the activities of endogenous hormones IAA,BR,GA and ALS were also significantly improved,which was beneficial to absorption,synthesis and transportation of nutrients,promote the growth and development of rice organs,relieve the inhibition of penoxsulam on rice,and improve the production potential of rice. |
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