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Study On The Water And Fertilizer Use Efficiency Under Cycle Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation On Greenhouse Tomato

Posted on:2022-10-21Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:J ZengFull Text:PDF
GTID:2493306320457984Subject:Hydraulic engineering
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The traditional underground irrigation for supplying water to crops will have adverse effects on soil structure and hydraulics characteristics,which will saturate the water around the root zone soil,squeeze out the oxygen in the soil,and lead to hypoxia of crop roots.As a new water-saving technology,cyclic aeration underground irrigation can effectively alleviate root zone hypoxia.In this study,tomato,which is sensitive to soil aeration,was used to supply water,fertilizer and gas with a circular aeration device.Two factors of aeration(O)and fertilization(F:N-P2O5-K2O)were set,four aeration rates(O1,O2,O3,S,aeration ratio of17.25%,14.58%,10.79%and no aeration treatment)were set,and three fertilizer rates(F1:240-120-150 kg/hm2,F2:180-90-112.5 kg/hm2,F3:120-60-75 kg/hm2),and a two-factor randomized group test design was adopted,with a total of 12 treatments.Through the analysis of cyclic aeration subsurface drip irrigation test fat gas coupling treatment on greenhouse tomato growth index,dry matter accumulation,photosynthesis,root morphology,yield,quality,soil enzyme activity and soil microorganism quantity,plant nutrient accumulation,fertilizer absorption,fertilizer use efficiency,water use efficiency(wue)of partial productivity,so as to put forward the greenhouse tomato fat gas coupling model of quality and efficient irrigation.The following results were obtained:(1)Cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation can promote the growth of tomato plants,dry matter accumulation,photosynthesis,improve root morphological distribution,and enhance root activity.Under the same fertilization level,plant height and stem diameter of tomato under cyclic aeration irrigation were greater than those under non-aeration irrigation,and plant height and stem diameter of tomato increased with the increase of aeration amount.Plant height and stem diameter under fertilizer treatment in high aeration irrigation reached the maximum value,which were 22.57%and 7.25%higher than those under fertilizer treatment in non-aeration irrigation,respectively.Aeration irrigation treatment on flowering fruit period and amount of accumulation of dry matter of tomato fruit enlargement period have a significant impact,aeration irrigation irrigation treatment of dry matter accumulation quantity is higher than no aeration irrigation treatment,high aeration irrigation treatment of dry matter accumulation amount less aeration irrigation treatment increased by 31.66%and36.95%,respectively,the biggest,fertilization treatment on fruit enlargement period has remarkable effect on the total dry matter accumulation.The total root length,total surface area,total volume and root activity increased with the increase of aeration rate.Total root length,total surface area,total volume and root activity reached the maximum at high aeration irrigation level and medium fertilizer irrigation level.(2)Cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation could significantly increase the photosynthetic index and chlorophyll content of tomato plants and enhance photosynthesis.Under the same fertilization level,the period of flowering fruit and fruit enlargement period twice determination results showed that aeration irrigation processing tomato plant net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance general than no aeration irrigation treatment,high aeration irrigation treatment net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate less aeration irrigation treatment increases52.49%,56.16%and 37.22%,respectively,two measurement results show that high aeration irrigation treatment less aeration irrigation chlorophyll content increased by 32.59%and49.12%respectively.The effect of fertilizer treatment on the photosynthetic index and chlorophyll content of tomato plants was less than that of aeration treatment in general,and fertilizer treatment had the highest photosynthetic index and chlorophyll content of tomato plants in high aeration irrigation.(3)Cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation significantly increased fruit yield,horizontal diameter,longitudinal diameter and fruit quality.The yield,horizontal diameter and longitudinal diameter of fruit per plant increased with the increase of aeration rate,and the high aeration irrigation treatment was 21.05%,23.15%and 21.82%higher than that of non-aerated irrigation treatment.The ratio of soluble solids,organic acids and sugar to acid in high aeration irrigation was the highest,and increased by 17.83%,6.12%and 14.63%,respectively,compared with non-aeration irrigation.The ratio of soluble solids,organic acids and sugar to acid increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and the ratio of soluble solids,organic acids and sugar to acid was the highest under medium fertilizer treatment.The content of VC in fruits increased with the increase of aeration amount and fertilizer amount,and the maximum value appeared in high aeration irrigation and high fertilizer treatment.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in tomato were the highest in high aeration irrigation,which were increased by 9.39%and 32.54%,respectively,compared with those in non-aeration irrigation.(4)Cycle aeration subsurface drip irrigation could significantly increase the soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity in tomato root zone.Under the same fertilization level,the activities of soil catalase,alkaline phosphatase and urease increased gradually with the increase of aeration amount,and the activities of soil catalase,alkaline phosphatase and urease were the highest at high aeration level,which increased by 11.4%,46.2%and 52.7%,respectively,compared with the treatment without aeration.Aeration irrigation had a significant effect on the number of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes.The number of soil microorganisms and Shannon index under aeration irrigation were generally higher than those under non-aeration irrigation,and the highest in high-aeration irrigation.The soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity of medium fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other fertilizer treatments.The interaction of two factors significantly affected the activities of catalase,urease and alkaline phosphatase in the flowering and fruit-setting stage of soil.(5)Cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation can improve the nutrient absorption and accumulation of tomato plants and the efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization.The cumulative uptake of N,P and K increased with the increase of aeration irrigation,and the cumulative uptake of N,P and K was the highest under high aeration irrigation.Under the same fertilization level,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption efficiency and water use efficiency were the highest in the high-aeration irrigation treatment.Under the same aeration level,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption efficiency showed a decreasing trend with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and the absorption efficiency was the highest in the low-fertilizer treatment.The utilization efficiency of N,P and K increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and the highest value was found in medium fertilizer treatment.Fertilizer partial productivity was the highest in low fertilizer treatment with high aeration irrigation and the lowest in high fertilizer treatment with no aeration irrigation.Considering the fat gas coupling test processing on greenhouse tomato growth index,dry matter accumulation,photosynthesis,root morphology,yield,quality,soil enzyme activity and soil microorganism quantity,plant nutrient accumulation,fertilizer absorption efficiency,water use efficiency,fertilizer and other comprehensive productivity,high fat levels in aeration irrigation is this test under the condition of greenhouse tomato is optimal irrigation model.
Keywords/Search Tags:Cycle Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Greenhouse Tomato, Fertilization Level, Yield and Quality, Water Use Efficiency, Fertilizer Use Efficiency
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