| Water,fertilizer,air,heat and light are the five elements to ensure crop growth and development,traditional irrigation methods will lead to insufficient soil aeration,and circulating aeration underground drip irrigation technology can effectively improve soil aeration,which has a significant effect on crop growth.In order to explore the effects of underground drip irrigation with cyclic aeration at different growth stages on the growth and quality of greenhouse tomatoes,different growth stages(flowering and fruit setting stage,fruit expanding stage,flowering and fruit setting stage and fruit expanding stage)and cyclic aeration treatment during the whole growth period were set,and no aeration treatment during the whole growth period was used as the control group.To study the effects of cyclic aeration treatment at different growth stages on plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content,root activity,root growth,rhizosphere soil enzyme activity,microbial quantity,fertilizer absorption efficiency and tomato quality of greenhouse tomatoes,and to clarify the regulation rule of aeration treatment at different growth stages on tomato quality in greenhouse and the growth period of aeration with better quality.The main results obtained are as follows:(1)Aeration time had no superposition effect on plant height,stem diameter and fruit dry matter accumulation of greenhouse tomato,but had superposition effect on chlorophyll content of greenhouse tomato.Aeration treatment at flowering and fruiting-setting stage could significantly improve the growth of plant height of greenhouse tomato,increasing by 13.58%compared with the control group.Aeration treatment at fruit expansion stage could significantly increase the growth of stem diameter and the accumulation of fruit dry matter content,increasing by 10.25% and 40.00% compared with the control group,respectively.Aeration treatment at the whole growth stage was more conducive to the improvement of chlorophyll content of greenhouse tomato.The increase was 28.46% compared with the control group.(2)Aeration time had a weak superposition effect on promoting the root activity of greenhouse tomato,but no superposition effect was observed when additional aeration treatment was continued at maturity stage.Aeration time had no superposition effect on promoting root length,root volume,root surface area and root tip number of greenhouse tomato.Aeration treatment at flowering and fruit setting stage and fruit expansion stage could significantly increase the root activity of greenhouse tomato by 25.13% compared with the control group.Aeration treatment at fruit expansion stage could significantly increase root length,root volume,root surface area and root tip number of greenhouse tomato,and promote the root growth of greenhouse tomato.(3)Aeration time has superposition effect on promoting catalase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato,aeration time has no superposition effect on promoting urease activity in rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato,and aeration time has no superposition effect on promoting bacteria and fungi quantity in rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato.Aeration time had a certain superposition effect on the quantity of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato,that is,the superposition effect was observed when aeration treatment continued at the fruit expansion stage on the aeration treatment at the flowering and fruiting stage,but no superposition effect was observed when aeration treatment continued at the mature stage.Aeration treatment during the whole growth stage could significantly increase the activities of catalase and alkaline phosphatase in rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato by 27.62% and 15.55% compared with control group,respectively.Aeration treatment during fruit expansion stage could significantly increase the activities of urease in rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato by 75.99% compared with control group.Aeration treatment at fruit expansion stage could significantly increase the number of bacteria and fungi in greenhouse tomato rhizosphere soil by 1.96 times and 0.71 times compared with control group,respectively.Aeration treatment at flowering and fruit setting stage and fruit expansion stage could significantly increase the number of actinomyces in greenhouse tomato rhizosphere soil by2.73 times compared with control group.(4)The aeration time factor has a certain superposition on promoting the absorption efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in greenhouse tomatoes,that is,when the aeration treatment of fruit expansion is continued on the flowering fruit setting stage,there are weak superposition rows,but there is no superposition when the aeration treatment continues to be added during the ripening period.Aeration treatment during flowering fruit setting and fruit expansion period could significantly increase the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium elements in greenhouse tomatoes,which increased by 33.17%,69.38% and 38.06%,respectively,compared with the control group,and the aeration treatment during flowering fruit set and fruit expansion period could significantly improve the absorption efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in greenhouse tomatoes,which increased by 39.57%,69.33% and38.12%,respectively,compared with the control group.(5)Aeration time has a certain superposition effect on the soluble solid content of greenhouse tomatoes,and it has a superposition effect on the aeration treatment at the fruit expansion stage and mature stage on the basis of aeration treatment at the flowering and fruit setting stage.The aeration time has no superposition effect on the reduction of organic acid content and the increase of sugar-acid ratio,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of greenhouse tomatoes.Aeration treatment at single growth stage had no significant effect on vitamin C content of greenhouse tomato,aeration treatment at flowering and fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage had significant effect on vitamin C content of greenhouse tomato,and additional aeration treatment at maturity stage had no superposition.Aeration treatment during the whole growth stage significantly increased the soluble solid content of greenhouse tomatoes by 39.45% compared with the control group.Aeration treatment during fruit expansion stage significantly reduced the organic acid content of greenhouse tomatoes by 20.41% compared with the control group.Aeration treatment during fruit expansion period significantly increased sugaracid ratio,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,fruit transverse diameter and fruit weight of greenhouse tomato by 47.53%,12.65%,38.62%,11.88%,20.24% and 29.81% compared with control group,respectively.The content of vitamin C in greenhouse tomato was significantly increased by 40.58% compared with that in control group after aeration during flowering and fruiting stage.Comprehensively considering the growth index,root system index,soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity index of root zone soil in the root zone,fertilizer absorption index and fruit morphological quality index of greenhouse tomato aeration treatment at different growth stages,combined with the test and economic considerations,it is possible to choose to carry out cyclic aeration treatment only during the expansion period of greenhouse tomato fruit. |
PDF Full Text Request