| Based on the current situation of the upper leaves in Shaoyang,in order to improve the quality of the upper leaves,a high-carbon-based fertilizer dosage test was first designed,and after selecting the appropriate local high-carbon-based fertilizer dosage,the supporting harvesting technology(harvesting period,harvesting method)was carried out on this basis.)Combined application test with bacterial fertilizer.Field trials were carried out in Yangtian Village,Hebo Township,Shaoyang County,Hunan Province from 2018 to 2019.The main findings are as follows:1.The appropriate amount of high-carbon fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of tobacco-growing soil and improve the quality of upper leaves of flue-cured tobaccoThe treatments of high-carbon-based fertilizers(GT1,GT2,GT3,GT4)are compared with conventional fertilization treatments(CK):in terms of soil:the pH value increases with the increase in the amount of high-carbon-based fertilizers,with an increase in the range of 0.18%to 17.10%,quick-acting Phosphorus increased in the range of 0.29%～76.18%,available potassium increased in the range of 0.26%～121.60%,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen increased in the range of 0.26%～121.28%,carbon to nitrogen ratio increased by 1.51%～16.90%,and invertase activity The range of increase is 1.22%～117.07%,and the range of increase of urease activity is 0.37%～139.98%.Tobacco leaf quality,the application of high-carbon-based fertilizers increased the content of tobacco plastid pigments.In terms of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,the stalk content decreased in the range of 1.12 to 3.24 percentage points,and the increase in leaf weight was in the range of 12.53%to 26.07%,The tensile force increases in the range of 3.97%～11.90%,the potassium-chloride ratio of the conventional chemical composition increases in the range of 2.61%～10.53%,the sugar-base ratio increases in the range of 4.45%～25.93%,and the nitrogen-base ratio increases in the range of 3.03%～15.94%,the total amount of polyphenols increased in the range of 1.30%～7.66%,the neutral aroma substance content increased in the range of 3.85%～18.06%,the sensory quality score increased by 1.20%～5.00%,and the yield increased The range of production value is 2.92%～7.79%,and the range of output value increase is 6.50%～14.99%.Under the experimental conditions,to treat GT3:Application of 1050 kg·hm-2 high-carbon-based fertilizer has a better effect on improving the quality of upper leaves.2.Appropriate harvesting period and harvesting method can improve the quality of upper leavesIn the same harvesting period,the quality of tobacco leaves in the treatments of high-carbon-based fertilizers(TY1,TY2,TY3)was higher than that of conventional fertilization(CY1,CY2,CY3):the increase in chlorophyll a in plastid pigments ranged from 34.20%to 93.77%.Chlorophyll b increased in the range of 17.26%to 83.06%,lutein increased in the range of 29.00%to 99.82%,β-carotene increased in the range of 34.45%to 77.79%,and the physical properties of leaf mass increased in the range of 2.1 7%～14.41%,the tensile force increases in the range of 2.59%～7.20%,the potassium-chloride ratio of conventional chemical composition increases in the range of 5.31%～15.00%,the sugar-base ratio increases in the range of 17.49%～26.01%,and the nitrogen-base ratio increases The range of the total amount of polyphenols is 4.55%～8.43%,the total amount of polyphenols is increased in the range of 6.66%～14.04%,and the total amount of organic acids in the same harvest period is increased in the range of 7.76%～14.66%compared with the conventional treatment.Compared with the conventional treatment,the content increased in the range of 0.45%～21.05%,the neutral aroma substance content increased in the range of 1.95%～20.80%,the sensory quality score increased in the range of 2.37%～4.49%,and the yield increased in the range of 3.90%～10.73%,the range of output value increase is 6.25%～43.14%,and the range of average price increase is 2.10%～29.30%.Under the experimental conditions,the high-carbon base fertilizer was postponed for 7 d(treatment TY2)to 14 d(treatment TY3)to improve the quality of the upper leaves.Compared with the other treatments(G1,G2),the upper six stalk harvesting treatments based on high-carbon fertilizers(G3):the stalk content decreased in therange of 1.50～1.78%,and the leaf weight increased in the range of 3.91%～31.04%,the increasing range of tensile strength is 4.59%～19.03%,the increasing range of sugar-base ratio is 7.88%～14.96%,the total amount of polyphenols is increasing in the range of 2.17%～12.60%,and the total amount of organic acids is increasing.In the range of 2.22%～13.33%,the new phytadiene content increased in the range of 4.92%～8.91%,the neutral aroma substance content increased in the range of 4.30%～9.68%,and the sensory quality score increased in the range of 1.07%～4.21%,The range of output increase is 1.87%～7.51%,the range of output value increase is 2.92%～11.84%,and the range of coal power cost increase is 10.61%～18.15%.Under the experimental conditions,the high-carbon base fertilizer treatment with stalk cutting and roasting(G3)and one-time harvesting(G2)can improve the quality of the top six slices.However,comparing the labor difficulty,cost,and economic benefits of harvesting,one-time harvesting(G2)is better than stalk harvesting(G3).It is recommended that local one-time harvesting(G2)be adopted.3.The combined application of high-carbon base fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum is beneficial to the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the tobacco-growing soil and the quality of the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobaccoThe combination of high-carbon fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum(T2)is compared with other treatments(C1,C2,T1):in terms of soil:the pH value increases in the range of 0.06%～5.04%,and the soil available phosphorus increases in the range of 1.12%～52.77%,available potassium increased in the range of 0.07%～98.09%,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increased in the range of 2.05%～60.67%,carbon to nitrogen ratio increased in the range of 1.39%～13.54%,and invertase activity increased in the range of 0.22%～90.69%,the increase of urease activity ranged from 1.09%to 80.78%.Tobacco leaf quality:the incidence of common mosaic disease decreased by 0.19～5.56%,the incidence of black shank decreased by 0.55～2.96%,the incidence of bacterial wilt decreased by 0.37～5.00%,and the range of physical characteristics with reduced stem rate Between 0.31 and 2.82 percentage points,the increase in leaf mass is in the range of 0.83%to 10.66%,the increase in tension is in the range of 1.41%to 9.54%,and the increase in the ratio of potassium to chlorine in the conventional chemical composition is in the range of 7.38%to 19.40%.The increase in the ratio is in the range of 4.05%to 15.83%,the increase in the total amount of polyphenols is in the range of 3.35%to 11.30%,the increase in the total amount of organic acids is in the range of 3.80%to 15.87%,and the increase in the content of neutral aroma substances is in the range 0.81%to 10.05%,the sensory quality score increased in the range of 0.99%to 4.86%,the output increased in the range of 1.06%to 8.19%,and the output value increased in the range of 0.72%to 17.98%.Under the experimental conditions,the treatment of T2(high-carbon-based fertilizer+Trichoderma harzianum)improved the quality of upper leaves better. |
