Growth Characteristics And Quality Analysis Of Different Early-Fruiting Juglans Regia Varieties Under Intercropping (Juglans Regia-Zea Mays) Mode

This experiment was carried out at the national long-term scientific research base of Jiamu Fruit Tree Science in Wensu County,Aksu district,Xinjiang.Taking the cultivation modes of Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ —Monoculture,Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ — Zea mays,Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’ —Monoculture,Juglans regia‘Wen 185’ — Zea mays.By analyzing the light response parameters of Juglans regia,photosynthetic parameters of Zea mays,photosynthetic daily changes of Juglans regia,photosynthetic daily changes of Zea mays,tree growth,Juglans regia quality and yield.To investigate the effects of intercropping with Zea mays on photosynthesis,growth,quality and yield of Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ and Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’.The aim is to provide scientific basis for the study of Juglans regia intercropping in southern Xinjiang.The main findings are as follows:(1)The photosynthetic physiological characteristics of single cropping Juglans regia were better than that of intercropping Juglans regia,and intercropping with Zea mays reduced the range of photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic capacity of Juglans regia,and the light compensation point(LCP)of intercropping Juglans regia was slightly higher than that of single cropping Juglans regia,which showed that the shade of high-stem plant Zea mays was better than that of intercropping Juglans regia,the energy consumption of intercropping Juglans regia was increased.The photosynthetic capacity of Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ and Juglans regia ‘Wen185’ under different cultivation modes was the strongest at hard stone stage,and the two Juglans regia varieties did not have good adaptability to strong light under the condition of daily light in southern Xinjiang,at the same time,intercropping with Zea mays inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of Zea mays,and the inhibition of photosynthetic capacity of Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’ was slightly lower than Zea mays ‘Xin Xin 2’.(2)There were significant differences in the three-diameter mean values of fresh fruit among different cultivation modes,and Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ and Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’ were affected differently by Zea mays from fruit expansion stage to fruit maturity stage,especially in fruit expansion stage,the difference of fruit type was obvious,and the intercropping of the two Juglans regia varieties and Zea mays during the whole measurement period reduced the crown width,tree height,and the growth rate of one branch.,at the same time Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ single-cropping and intercropping garden growth rate gap between the larger.(3)The total weight of fresh fruit,the total weight of dry fruit and the weight of kernel increased from the early stage of fruit ripening to the late stage of fruit ripening,which indicated that picking fruit at the late stage of fruit ripening was more beneficial to dry matter accumulation,improve yield and quality.The appearance quality and kernel yield of Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ were slightly lower than that of Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’,and the appearance quality and kernel yield of Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ were more easily affected by intercropping.There were differences in four fatty acids except oleic acid between two Juglans regia cultivars under different cultivation modes,and the effect of intercropping with Zea mays on four fatty acids was small.(4)Both Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ and Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’ with Zea mays intercropped reduced the fruit quality.The specific manifestation was that the kernel yield of the two varieties in the intercropping garden was lower than that of the monocropping orchard.It can be judged that the Juglans regia tree and the intercropping are competing for water and fertilizer.In addition,the tannin content of Juglans regia kernels in intercropping gardens was significantly higher than that in monocropping gardens,which showed that its bitterness and astringency were more severe and the taste was poor.At the same time,the fat,protein,and amino acid content of the two Juglans regia varieties under different planting patterns are not much different.Therefore,it can be judged that intercropping crops in adult Juglans regia orchards will only reduce fruit quality,yield and taste.The results showed that intercropping with Zea mays inhibited the growth of Juglans regia ‘Wen 185’ and Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ trees,affected the light energy utilization capacity,fruit quality and yield of Juglans regia leaves,and Juglans regia ‘Xin Xin 2’ was more affected by intercropping with Zea mays.