| In order to make full use of Juglans mandshurica Maxim which is a J. regia L.’s close sib and widely distributed in Taihang mountain.Also to expand the the scope of the ’Lvling’ walnut planting, Some physiological characteristics and quality of ‘Lvling’ grafted onto Juglans mandshurica distributed in Taihang mountain were studied in this paper and that grafted onto Juglans regia L. as control.The results were as below.(1)The grafting survival rates of‘Lvling’by barking graft onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstock were 84% and 83%, the shoot lengths were 94.2 cm and 93.5 cm, the shoot diameters were 2.4 and 2.5 cm, and the average shoot numbers were 1.67 and 1.89 respectively. All of these items did not have significant difference between the two rootstocks.(2) Compared to be grafted onto J. regia, the ‘Lvling’expending periods of male and female flower bud grafted onto J. mandshurica delayed 5 days, and the open period of female flower bud delayed 6 days. The rapid extension period of male bud and the leafing period of female bud delayed 3 days. Sprouting rates of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstock were 77.19 % and 87.13 % respectively, and there had very significant difference between them. The long branch rates of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstocks were 54.76 % and 74.19 %, and those of the medium branch rates were 38.10 % and 12.90 % respectively. There had very significant differences between the two rootstocks on the long branch and medium branch rates. The short branch rates of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstocks were 7.14 % and 12.90 %. There had significant difference between the two rootstocks. The ‘Lvling’leaf POD activity being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 19.65 μg?g-1FW, while onto J. regia rootstock was 15.28μg?g-1FW, and there had very significant difference between the two rootstocks.(3) In dormant period, the GA3 contents in female bud tissue of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia were 5.67 μg·g-1 and 7.52 μg·g-1, and there had very significant difference between them. In expending period, the GA3 contents in female bud tissue of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia were 7.07 μg·g-1and 8.75 μg·g-1, and there had very significant difference between them, while the IAA contents in female bud tissue of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia were 1.95 μg·g-1and 2.26 μg·g-1, and there had significant difference between them, and the ABA contents in female bud tissue of ‘Lvling’being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia were 1.39 μg·g- and 0.73 μg·g-1, and there had significant difference between them. In open period of female flower bud period, there had no significant differences between them on the GA3, IAA and ABA contents.(4) There was no significant differences on the changing trends of ‘Lvling’leaf N and P contents(high for early period and low for later period and then stable) being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock and J. regia rootstock. However, there had significant differeces at some periods. Changing trends of ‘Lvling’leaf K contents being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstock were different, the changing trend of ‘Lvling’leaf K contents being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock appearred to be high at first and then turn down to stable, while leaf K content being grafted onto J. regia rootstock appeared to rise.The trends of N contents in shoots being grafted onto the two kinds of rootstocks appeared to turn down at first and then turn up. The trends of P content in shoots appeared to turn down and turn up and turn down again. The trends of K content in shoot appeared to turn down and turn up and turn down again.The trends of N content in 1 a branches being grafted onto the two kinds of rootstocks appeared to turn down and turn up and turn down again. The trends of P content in 1 a branches appeared to turn down and turn up. The trend of K content in 1 a branches appeared to turn down all the time.(5) The changing trends of ‘Lvling’walnut leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll contents being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstocks appeared to turn up to the top and then turn down again. The highest contents of them appeared at June, July and August.The changing trends of ‘Lvling’leaf anthocyanidin contents being grafted onto the two kind of rootstocks appearred to turn down and then turn up again. In April and July, the ‘Lvling’ leaf anthocyanidin contents being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock were 807.27 nmol·g-1 and 240.07 nmol·g-1, and onto J. regia rootstock were 329.04 nmol·g-1 and 146.41 nmol·g-1, and there had very significant differences between the two rootstocks in the two months.(6)The changing trends of ‘Lvling’ leaf photosynthetic rates being grafted onto the two rootstocks appearred to turn up and then turn down again. In 13:00~15:00, the ‘Lvling’ walnut leaf photosynthetic rate being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 19.16 μmol·(m2·s)-1, and onto J. regia was 22.23 μmol·(m2·s)-1, and there had significant difference between the rootstocks at that time. The changing trends of ‘Lvling’ walnut leaf transpiration rates being grafted onto the two rootstocks appearred to turn up and then turn down again. In 10:00~12:00 and 12:00~13:00, the ‘Lvling’ leaf transpiration rates being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock were 1.55 mmol·(m2·s)-1 and 1.48 mmol·(m2·s)-1, and those onto J. regia rootstock were 2.31 mmol·(m2·s)-1 and 2.25 mmol·(m2·s)-1, and there had very significant differences between the two rootstocks in that time.Compared to being grafted onto J. regia rootstock, ‘Lvling’ leaf Fm、Fv、Fm’、Fv/Fm、q P、Etr trun down. There had no significant differences of ‘Lvling’ leaf F0 being grafted onto the two rootstocks at 6 the periods. And there had no significant differences of ‘Lvling’ leaf Fs being grafted onto the two rootstocks except 6:00~8:00.(7) The yield per tree being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstock were 2.8 kg and 2.2 kg. And the single nut weights were 13.5 g and 12.2 g;The nut lengths being grafted onto the two rootstocks were 3.914 cm and 3.308 cm, and that the nut widths were 3.269 cm and 4.039 cm respectively. The nut shape indexes were 1.199 and 0.819, and the green husk rates were 60.22% and 52.87%, and those indexes had very significant differences between the two rootstocks. The shell thickness of nut being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstock were 0.102 cm and 0.082 cm, and there had significant difference between them. The kernel rates being grafted onto J. mandshurica and J. regia rootstocks were 59.28% and 65.44%. The kernel fat contents were 604 mg·g-1 and 642 mg·g-1, the kernel soluble protein contents were 19 mg·g-1 and 11 mg·g-1, and there had very significant differences of the three items. There had no significant differences between the kernel total protein contents.The kernel Ca content being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 2.218 mg·g-1, and that onto J. regia rootstock was 1.877 mg·g-1, and there had very significant difference between the two rootstocks. While the Mg and Zn contents being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock were 2.095 mg·g-1 and 0.026 mg·g-1, and those onto J. regia rootstock were 1.837 mg·g-1 and 0.022 mg·g-1, and there had significant difference between the two rootstocks.The kernel total starch content being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 32.97 mg·g-1, and that onto J. regia rootstock was 20.23, and there had very significant differences between the two rootstocks. While the kernel reducing sugar content being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 102.53 mg·g-1, and that onto J. regia rootstock was 88.81 mg·g-1, and there had significant difference between the two rootstocks.There were 7 kinds of fatty acids named palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic and α-linolenic acid in ‘Lvling’ kernel being grafted onto the two kinds of rootstocks. The highest was linoleic acid, and the lowest was arachidic acid. The ratios of unsaturated fatty acid on both rootstocks were 92%.The ratio of kernel polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 75%, and that onto J. regia rootstock was 80%, and there had significant difference between the two rootstocks. While the ratio of kernel monounsaturated fatty acid being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 17%, and that onto J. regia rootstock was 12%, and there had very significant difference between the two rootstocks.There had 18 kinds of amino acids. The contents of six essential amino acids that were leucine, valine, isoleucine, threconine, tryptophane and methionine of ‘Lvling’ kernel being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstocks were 14.021 mg·g-1, 8.756 mg·g-1, 6.999 mg·g-1,6.098 mg·g-1, 5.820 mg·g-1, 1.459 mg·g-1 respectively, the contents four of nonessential amino that were arginine, aspartic acid, alanine, proline of ‘Lvling’ kernel being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstocks were 34.707 mg·g-1, 20.627 mg·g-1, 7.732 mg·g-1 and 5.759 mg·g-1, that were very significantly higher than that of being grafted onto J. regia rootstock. The ratio of essential amino acid in kernel being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 30.30 %, which was very significantly higher than that of being grafted onto J. regia rootstock that was 29.11 %; The ratio of essential amino acid in kernel for children being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock was 20.34 %, which was very significantly higher than that of being grafted onto J. regia rootstock that was 18.51 %.Compared with being grafted onto J. regia rootstock, there had little differences of some physiology items of ‘Lvling’ being grafted onto J. mandshurica rootstock. However, there had no bad influnce on the quality of ‘Lvling’ walnut kernel, and some items such as soluble protein, micronutrients and amino acids were superior than those of being grafted onto J. regia rootstock. So, J. mandshurica could be used as a rootstock of ‘Lvling’. |
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