Study On Influencing Factors Of Citizenization Of Farmers And Herdsmen In Tibet

The 18th and 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)proposed to accelerate the urbanization of rural migrant population in an orderly manner.However,due to the restriction of internal main factors and the influence of external macro environment,the phenomenon of semi-urbanization and virtual urbanization of the migrant agricultural population is serious.The relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas makes farmers and herdsmen "leapfrog" into cities and towns and become the new main body of citizenization,which effectively solves the problem of poverty alleviation and development in the region.However,the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen is not only related to but also different from the "trinity" of agricultural migrants such as migrant workers,that is,the "passive citizenization" of farmers and herdsmen who are pushed to "leap-forward" into cities and towns by specific policies under the condition of subjective will or insufficient ability.The sanyan area is located in the high mountains and canyons of southeast Tibet,which is characterized by lack of resources,closed traffic information,frequent occurrence of endemic diseases and high incidence of natural disasters,low level of farmers and herdsmen in culture,outdated concepts,backward production and life style,and the pattern of social communication and inner flow.It is a typical deep poverty-stricken area where "neither land nor water can support neither people".In traditional religious culture and the nomadic and farming,urban culture are interwoven infiltration formed under "religion,life,god,light humanities" in the value orientation,deeply influence the farmers’ view of entrepreneurship,mode of production and living habits,the spirit of innovation,market competition consciousness,environmental adaptation ability and technology change attitudes,etc.The human capital,social capital and psychological capital of farmers and herdsmen have obvious regional characteristics.This paper selected 231 farmers and herdsmen resettled in Sanyan District of Lhasa as the research object,and obtained 181 valid questionnaires through house-to-house approach,to explore the impact of human capital,social capital and psychological capital on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen from the internal perspective of farmers and herdsmen.Firstly,the paper reviewed the measurement dimensions of migration and integration,citizenization and its influencing factors.Combined with the first-hand data obtained from field surveys during 2019-2020,the paper used C-D function and equal weight method to measure the citizenization level of farmers and herdsmen.By using factor analysis method and entropy method,the dimensionality reduction of the observation indexes affecting human capital,social capital and psychological capital of farmers and herdsmen was extracted.Through multiple regression analysis,the paper studies the influences of human capital,social capital,psychological capital and three dimensions of capital on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen.The interactive effect,substitution effect and moderating effect of human capital,social capital and psychological capital on citizenization of farmers and herdsmen were discussed by means of multi-factor analysis of variance.The findings:Farmers and herdsmen are at the level of "semi-citizenization",and their citizenization ability is stronger than their citizenization will.The development of citizenization of farmers and herdsmen in various dimensions is unbalanced: psychological level > economic level >identity > social level > cultural level >;Human capital,social capital and psychological capital have significant influence on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen.The influence coefficient of human capital is the largest,followed by psychological capital and social capital.Human capital,social capital and psychological capital have partly interactive effect and partly mediating effect on citizenization of farmers and herdsmen.Gender and age have partial regulating effects on human capital,social capital and psychological capital of farmers and herdsmen.In human capital,education has a significant effect on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen,while the effect of skills,experience and health is not significant.The reciprocity norm and network of social capital have significant influence on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen,but the influence of trust is not significant.Hope and optimism in psychological capital have significant effects on the citizenization of farmers and herdsmen,while self-efficacy and tenacity have no significant effects.In a word,the low human capital,social capital and psychological capital of farmers and herdsmen affect the process of citizenization.Strengthen the formal education of farmers and herdsmen,the trilingual education of Mandarin,Lhasa dialect and Kangba dialect,and the accumulation of human capital investment in vocational skills training,so as to enhance the ability and willingness of citizenization;Increase employment positions,support and encourage farmers and herdsmen to self-employment and entrepreneurship,build a new social capital based on "industry relationship",change the pattern of farmers and herdsmen’s differential order and the original primary social interaction in the inner volume,and improve farmers and herdsmen’s social participation;Strengthen propaganda and guidance,give full play to the positive effects of traditional religious culture,cultivate high-quality psychological capital,and enhance the psychological integration and identity of farmers and herdsmen;Paying attention to the integration of human capital,social capital and psychological capital,giving full play to the synergistic effect of capital and comprehensively promoting the integration of farmers and herdsmen into urban society can improve the citizenization level of farmers and herdsmen and enhance their sense of gain and happiness.