| China is one of the countries with serious land salinization,which are mainly distributed in North China,northwest,northeastand others places,and the area of it occupies a large proportion of the total cultivated land area.As an unconventional but important land resource,the saline-alkali farmland being developed and utilized reasonably and effectively,is an important measure to solve the shortage of farmland resources and ensure food security in our country.Jingtai County is located on the edge of Tengger Desert,which is a large agricultural county in Gansu Province.Due to the influence of climate and humidity,the local land is severely salinized,which severely restricts agricultural development.Taking Jingtai County of Gansu Province as an example,based on the survey of the salt-alkali land in Jingtai County,this paper discusses the comprehensive utilization methods of saline-alkali land improvement in Jingtai County,analyzes the ecological benefits,economic value and social benefits of saline alkali land aquaculture,and puts forward the way to deal with a situation for the problems being in the saline alkali land aquaculture in Jingtai County,but also play an important role in promoting the high-speed agricultural development and rural revitalization in Jingtai County.The research results can not only provide guidance and reference for the management and development of saline alkali land in Northwest China,but also play an important role in promoting the high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization in Jingtai County.The main results are as follows:1.From 2015 to 2020,the improvement of saline alkali land in Jingtai County has achieved initial results.According to the local census records,the saline alkali land area of the county reached as high as 48000 mu in 1990,and then the land salinization area accelerated to spread at the rate of 5000 mu per year.As of 2015,270000 mu of cultivated land in the county has been affected by salinization to varying degrees.After that,the county put forward the idea of controlling alkali by fishing,and took a series of measures.The expansion speed of salinization area gradually showed a downward trend,and it will be reduced to 240000 mu in 2020.The results showed that the effect of drip irrigation or reducing flood irrigation on saline alkali land improvement was not obvious,but the saline alkali land improvement could be achieved through the implementation of integrated agriculture and fisheries in saline alkali land and the adoption of aquaculture.After testing,the p H value of reconstructed farmland decreased from 8.8 to 8.2,and the soil alkalinity decreased from 6 ‰ to about 2 ‰.This fully shows that measures such as digging ponds for precipitation,raising fields for land,paying equal attention to both agriculture and Fisheries can significantly improve the soil tillage layer and soil salinization.2.Using qualitative analysis and empirical research to evaluate the fishery economic quality of Jingtai County,and investigating and analyzing several comprehensive utilization technologies of saline alkali land aquaculture,including:Technology of hatching salmon and trout eggs in saline alkali water,technology of culturing salmon and trout in cement pond;The technology of digging ditch and raising crab in paddy field;Desalination technology of Penaeus vannamei,water quality control technology of P.vannamei cultured in saline alkali pond;the technology of fish and shrimp polyculture in saline alkali soil pond and the technology of nitrite nitrogen regulation in saline alkali soil pond.Jingtai county fishery sub center has been built and put into used.The survival rate of eggs hatching of salmon and trout fry in saline alkali water reaches 90%.The survival rate of hybrid sturgeon in Jingtai area is more than 90%and can live through the winter normally.The survival rate of shrimp fry desalination of P.vannamei is also relatively high,reaching more than 96%.3.Saline alkali water is suitable for the cultivation of P.vannamei and large amount of freshwater fish,which saves the cost for the farmers and improves the success rate of cultivation.Two new business entities for P.vannamei breeding were cultivated,and10 poor households were driven.P.vannamei in saline alkali ponds produced 500 Jin per mu,with an income of 10000 yuan per mu.Aquaculture in saline alkali land has considerable economic and ecological benefits,which can effectively increase farmers’ income.It provides a research example for the management,development and utilization of saline alkali land in Jingtai County.4.The problems in the development of fishery economy in Jingtai county mainly include: lack of professional and technical personnel,lack of technical support,poor agricultural information,and low level of agricultural science and technology innovation;the fixed assets investment in the primary industry has relatively weak driving force on the agricultural and rural economy;the progress of rural reform is slow,the effect is not obvious,the attraction to local enterprises is insufficient,and the entrepreneur’s investment intention is not strong;the development of characteristic industry lags behind,the brand effect is not formed,the concept of farmers is backward,and the level of breeding technology is low.In the process of fishery economic development in the future,we should strengthen the innovation of agricultural science and technology,improve the level of agricultural informatization,implement special guidance by special personnel,and strengthen the communication between fishery enterprises.It is necessary to strengthen the efforts of attracting investment,do a good job in training new subjects,and increase the investment in related enterprises,so as to guide the fishery industry to "go out";adhere to the green sustainable development as the main line,cultivate,expand and optimize the characteristic industries;we should make good use of saline water resources,introduce new varieties,improve the structure of aquaculture and increase the success rate of aquaculture.At the same time,on the premise of improving the enthusiasm of agriculture and fisheries production,combined with the actual development of modern leisure fishery,repair the ecological environment,help rural revitalization. |
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