The Optimised Technology Of Weight-loss Applied From The Integration Of Water And Fertilizer In The Root Region Of Apple Trees

In recent years,my country’s apple industry has developed rapidly,but excessive application of chemical fertilizers has always been one of the important factors restricting the development of my country’s apple industry.At present,there are many researches on reducing fertilization and increasing efficiency,and the integration of water and fertilizer technology is one of the main means to achieve this goal.In this study,a typical orchard in the Weibei arid plateau area was selected,and the dwarfing fruit tree Yuhuazaofu at full fruit stage was used as the test material.The 2+X test design and the two-factor five-level orthogonal rotation test design were used to study the integration of water and fertilizer.Study on the effect of different fertilizer rates on apples based on the comprehensive evaluation value of yield and quality indicators and the coupling effect of irrigation and fertilization on apples under the chemical model.The optimal fertilization under the root-zone injection fertilization model for apples in the Weibei arid plateau was determined.The amount and irrigation volume provide scientific guidance for further achieving high-quality and high-yield apples,precise management of apple orchards,and healthy and sustainable development of the orchard ecological environment.Concluded as follow:1.Taking the five-year-old dwarfing tree Yuhua Zaofu as the test material,the 2+X experiment design was used to study different fertilization mode treatments（CT,SJ and WF）and different fertilization treatments under the water and fertilizer integration mode（WF1～WF4）For the Weibei Dryland Yuhuazaofu apple yield,single fruit quality,fruit commodity rate,fertilizer partial productivity,fruit quality and volatile matter types and their total content indicators.The results showed that compared with CT,SJ treatment increased the quality,yield,and fruit commodity rate of apples,but the difference between the two was not significant;however,the partial productivity of fertilizer was significantly improved.Compared with CT,the apple fruit quality,fruit commodity rate and fertilizer partial productivity were significantly increased in WF1～WF4 treatments;the apple yield of WF2and WF3 treatments increased,and the apple yield of WF1 and WF4 treatments decreased.Compared with CT,the overall quality indexes of apples treated with WF1～WF4 did not change significantly.2.Using a comprehensive analysis method,a mathematical model based on the comprehensive evaluation value of apple yield and quality indexes was established,and the influence of different fertilizer application rates on the comprehensive evaluation value of apples under the water and fertilizer integration mode was analyzed.The results showed that the overall evaluation value of apples determined by TOPSIS method for different fertilization treatments was ranked from high to low as WF2>WF3>WF4>SJ>WF1>CT.Under the integrated water and fertilizer model,with the increase of fertilizer application,the comprehensive evaluation value of apples showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Through comprehensive evaluation and optimization,when the fertilizer application rate is 0.73 kg/plant,the comprehensive evaluation value of apple is the highest,reaching 0.72.It can be seen that the fertilizer application rate is reduced by 37.07%and 20.65%compared with the CT and SJ treatments.Improve the overall evaluation value of Apple.The optimal application rate of chemical fertilizer under the integrated water and fertilizer model in the Weibei arid plateau area is 0.73 kg/plant,of which N 0.28 kg/plant,P₂O₅ 0.14 kg/plant,K₂O 0.31 kg/plant,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers are in accordance with2:1:2.2,apples have the best overall performance under these conditions.3.Taking fertilizer application and water irrigation as factors,five levels were set respectively.Using the orthogonal rotation combination design,the experiment has 16treatments（T1～T16）.Using a comprehensive analysis method,a mathematical model based on the comprehensive evaluation value of apple yield indicators and quality indicators was established,and the influence of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on apple yield indicators and quality indicators was studied.The results of the study show that both excessively high and low water and fertilizer input can reduce the comprehensive evaluation value of apples.Reasonable water and fertilizer regulation is the key to improving the comprehensive evaluation value of apples.The comprehensive evaluation value formed by the high-water,high-fertilizer and low-water and low-fertilizer treatments is higher than the comprehensive evaluation value formed by the high-water,low-fertilizer and low-water and high-fertilizer treatments.Therefore,in areas with water shortages,appropriate measures to reduce the amount of fertilizer can be adopted to increase the comprehensive evaluation value of apples.Through the comprehensive optimization of the above model,the influence of the two factors of irrigation amount and fertilization amount on the comprehensive evaluation value of apples is obtained.When the encoding value of irrigation amount is 0.053 and the encoding value of fertilizer amount is 0.150,the comprehensive evaluation value of apple is the highest.Therefore,it is recommended that the optimal irrigation rate for apple root zone injection fertilization in Weibei Dryland is 0.13 m³/plant,and the optimal fertilization rate is 0.28～0.30 kg/plant.Among them,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers are applied at a ratio of 2:1:2.2.