| Tobacco is an important cash crop in China,and China leads the world in the cultivation and consumption of tobacco.China’s tobacco planting area is large and wide,and the natural conditions gap is large;so there are many tobacco farmers.However,China’s tobacco farmers generally lack the concept of scientific fertilization,and ferti.lizerapplication habits are poor as well,resulting in excessive fertilizer appl.ication;At the same time,the soil testing and fertilization schemes in different regions are not targeted enough,and there are no fertilization schemes well adapted to different conditions in different regions.Excessive application of chemical fertilizer will lead to soil compaction and decrease of soil fertillity,which often leads to insufficient supply of soil nutrients,forming a vicious cycle.At the same time,excessive use of fertilizer will also cause agricultural non-point source pollution,intensifying farmland greenhouse gas emissions.Excessive application of chemical fertilizer is an important problem in China’s agricultural production activities.The environmental cost and environmental problems it consumes are huge,and it is also one of the primary problems to be solved in order to realize an environmentally friendly society in China.According to previous studies,the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote this situation and the utilization rate of crop fertilizer,which has positive significance for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer.To improve the present situation in the south of anhui tobacco farming fertilizer application,this article selected xuancheng jingxian county soil and Cloud 97 as samples,adapted the way of potted plant experiment,designed Six treatments where no fertilization(CK),traditional fertilization(NPK),pure organic fertilizer(OF),combined application of organic fertilizer and 60%fertilizer(OF-60),application of organic fertilizer and 80%fertilizer(OF-80),application of organic fertilizer and 100%fertilizer(OF-100)were set;studied the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with reducing on tobacco growth,yield and quality,nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency,the influence of water absorption and efficiency,The optimal ratio of organic fertilizer combined with reduced fertilizer application in southern Anhui was studied to provide theoretical basis for the next field experiment.The specifi c research results are as follows:(1)Organic fertilizer combined with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer can improve the growth of tobaccoCompared with the traditional fertilization group(NPK),the organic fertilizer combination group(OF-60,OF-80,OF-100)could significantly increase the tobacco stem height,which was 15.61%,20.64%and 23.30%higher,and the stem circumference of the OF-100 group also increased by 10.20%,showing a significant difference,and the OF-80 group increased by 4.67%,with no significant difference,The OF-60 group was basically the same as the NPK group,with little difference.The effective number of leaves in each fertilization group was the smallest in CK group.The mean number of effective leaves in the lower leaves of the OF-80 group was 5.17.However,compared with CK group,the number of effective lower leaves in each fertilization group increased,and those in NPK,OF-60,OF-80 and OF-100 groups increased by 60.73%,63.63%,88%and 81.82%,respectively,making a significant difference.The leaves number of OF,NPK,OF-60,OF-80 and OF-100 increased by 44.41%,46.65%,44.41%,34.92%and 58.38%,reaching the level of significant difference,among which the maximum leaves number of OF-100 was 5.67.We can find the upper leaves of NPK,OF-80 and OF-100 increased by 31.60%,40.87%and 31.60%respectively,reaching the level of significant difference.The most effective leaves were in the OF-80 group,with a mean value of 5.17.The biomass of the seedling stage was 1.24g(OF-100),which was 24%higher than the NPK group(traditional fertilization).showing a significant difference.The maximum biomass of OF-100 was still 5.3 8g at the root elongation stage,which was 20.63%higher,without significant difference.The maximum biomass of the f-80 group was 16.22g during the flourishing period.The mature OF-80 group was still the large,st biomass treatment group,with an average value of 47.29g,which was 26.92%and 13.98%higher than the NPK and OF-60 group respectively,getting to a more significant level.(2)Organic fertilizer combined with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of tobaccoThe results showed that the leaf weight and yield per plant were OF-80>OF100>NPK,while OF-60 and NPK groups showed similarities.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,the organic fertilizer application group showed superiority in total sugar,sugar-alkali ratio,nitrogen-alkali ratio,etc.,while the NPK group showed better performance in chlorine,nicotine,potassium,reducing sugar,etc.,proving that the application of organic fertilizer can balance the chemical composition of tobacco leaves and coordinate the proportion of each component,and for the aroma substances,the organic fertilizer application group showed superiority in the new phytadiene,palmitic acid,furfural and other substances,but the content of solanone was higher in the NPK group.The comprehensive evaluation was the best in group OF80.(3)Organic fertilizer combined with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer can promote the nutrient absorption and utilization of tobaccoThe results showed that the nutrient uptake was OF-100>OF-80>NPK group,the nitrogen accumulation in the OF-80 group was 14.46%and 70.54%of the total increase in the growth stage from the root extension stage to the growth stage,with an increase of 387.83%,which was 111.20%higher than that in the NPK group.Phosphorus accumulation increased from 3.8%to 10.56%,an increase of 177.89%,which was 140.36%higher.The potassium content of NPK group,OF-60 group,OF-80 group and OF-100 group increased by 66.02%,30.58%,57.26%and 96.82%respectively from the prosperous period to the mature period,indicating that the application of a certain amount of organic fertilizer was conducive to the accumulation of potassium in the mature period of tobacco,and the accumulation efficiency increased with the increase of the amount of traditional fertilizer application.The nitrogen content of CK,NPK,OF,OF,OF-60,OF-80 and O.F-100 in the m ature stage of tobacco was 78.47%,58.30%,56.68%,47.86%,48.46%and 45.15%in the prosperous stage,respectively,indicating that a certain amount of organic fertilizer mixed with traditional fertilization could help reduce the nitrogen content in the later stage of tobacco and promote the maturation and yellowing of tobacco leaves.There were similarities between NPK,OF-80 and OF-100 in the nature stage of K and P.Compared to the NPK,the total nitrogen utilization rate of the OF-80 group was the highest(OF did not participate in the discussion)and improved by 53.7%;OF-60 and OF100 groups improved by 46.68%and 40.77%,the highest nitrogen utilization rate was in OF-80 group,which was 17.6%higher,the result is that the OF-100 group also improved by 9.84%while the OF-60 group decreased by 3.31%.(4)The water use efficiency of tobacco can be improved by applying reduced amount of fertilizer with organic fertilizerThe average daily water consumption and total water consumption were OF100>OF-80>OF-60>NPK>OF>CK;The water use efficiency is OF-80>OF100>NPK>OF-60>OF>CK,the NPK group was 7.71%lower than the OF-80 group and 4.77%lower than the OF-100 group.Combined with the results of yield analysis,it was found that the water use efficiency of tobacco was positively correlated with the yield.In analysis,potted plants in the south of anhui tobacco under the condition of 80%organic fertilizer combined with the traditional fertilizing plant growth situation set a better production and quality,and it can make the most use of fertilizer and water for the optimum proportion.It can also be the most beneficial used as field trials and eventually the field important basis of fertilization schem e to h elp the field cultivation of reducing fertilizer production. |
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