Effects Of Activated Water On Growth And Water Use Of Winter Wheat

Guanzhong Plain is the main winter wheat planting area in Northwest China and even the whole country.In this area,there are some prominent problems in the agricultural production process,such as low efficiency of irrigation water production,insufficient and uneven distribution of water resources,and difficult development,which affect the production of winter wheat.Irrigation water activation technology is a new water treatment technology which can improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.After the activation treatment of irrigation water（magnetization and de-electronation）,the physical and chemical properties of water are changed,and the activity of water molecules is increased,thus affecting the growth and development of crops and the efficiency of water utilization.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the application of this technology in the Guanzhong Plain to alleviate the current situation of limited wheat production and optimize the allocation of water resources in this region.In this study,irrigation water activation technology was used as a method to carry out field irrigation experiment in Caoxinzhuang Experimental Farm located in the typical irrigated area of Guanzhong Plain.Meanwhile,indoor hydroponic experiment was conducted in the scientific research greenhouse of Northwest A&F University.The field experiment focused on the study of the effects of different activated water types and different irrigation amounts on the dynamic changes of soil water in the field,water consumption characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.The indoor hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of activated water on wheat seed germination,seedling growth and root activity.The responses of wheat growth and physiological characteristics to activated water treatment were analyzed in both field and laboratory hydroponic experiments.Specific research results are as follows:（1）The effects law of different activated water irrigation on soil water dynamics in the field of winter wheat were clarified.Under the same irrigation amount（180 mm）,the soil water storage at the 0-40 cm soil layer in the greening-ripening stages of winter wheat under activated water irrigation was higher than that under groundwater treatment,which increased by 4.9%-20.9%.At the 40-120 cm soil layer,the soil water storage under activated water treatment was 1.8%-3.3%higher than that under the groundwater treatment at the greening-jointing stages,and 3.0%-6.4%lower than that under the groundwater treatment at the filling-ripening stages.At the 120-200 cm soil layer,the soil water storage of activated water treatment was 0.9%-1.6%higher than that of the groundwater treatment at the greening stage,and 2.7%-13.1%lower than that of the groundwater treatment at the jointing-ripening stage.In addition,compared with the same groundwater irrigation,the average soil water content of 0-100 cm soil depth under magnetized and de-electronic water irrigation treatment was decreased by 5.4%and 3.2%,21.7%and 18.3%,respectively,at the jointing and filling stages of winter wheat.（2）The dynamic changes of aboveground growth and physiological indexes of wheat under activated water treatment were determined.Compared with the same amount of groundwater irrigation,the plant height growth rate and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat under activated water irrigation were significantly increased from jointing to filling stage.And the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂concentration of winter wheat flag leaves at the filling stage were increased by 6.8%and7.8%,4.8%and 17.3%,3.9%and 16.3%,5.3%and 4.7%,respectively,under magnetized water and de-electronic water irrigation.The results of laboratory hydroponic experiment also showed that the chlorophyll content and aboveground dry matter mass of wheat plants cultivated with activated water were increased by 8.9%-17.3%and 59.6%-102.4%,respectively,compared with that of groundwater treatment.And soaking seeds with activated water could promote the germination of wheat seeds and increase the germination rate by 4.0%-64.3%.（3）The effects of activated water treatments on the growth and development of wheat root system were clarified.From the root growth and morphological distribution of winter wheat,the field experiment results showed that the total root length density and total root weight density of winter wheat irrigated by magnetized water and de-electronic water were significantly increased by 41.3%and 14.2%,60.2%and 34.4%,respectively,compared with groundwater irrigation under the same irrigation amount level（180 mm）.At the same time,the root length density,root weight density,root surface area density and root volume density in all soil layers also increased to different degrees.When activated water irrigation amount increased from 120 mm to 180 mm,root mass in the upper soil layer（0-20 cm）increased,but the proportion of root mass in the lower soil layer（20-100 cm）decreased.In addition,laboratory experiment results also showed that activated water cultivation could promote the growth of wheat roots and improve the root architecture.Compared with groundwater,root activity of wheat was significantly increased by 76.3%-195.0%,and the indexes of root architecture of wheat,such as total root length,total root surface area,total root volume and total root tip number,were significantly improved.（4）The responses of winter wheat water consumption characteristics,yield and water use efficiency to activated water irrigation were investigated.From the water consumption characteristics,the total water consumption,water consumption at each growth stage and water consumption intensity of the winter wheat irrigated by activated water were increased by a certain percentage compared with the same amount of groundwater irrigation.And soil water consumption accounted for a larger proportion of total water consumption,indicating that activated water irrigation could promote the use of soil water storage by winter wheat.In terms of yield and yield composition,the grain yield of winter wheat under de-electronic water and magnetized water irrigation180 mm treatment increased by 13.9%and 10.0%,respectively,compared with the same amount of groundwater irrigation.By comparing the yield components of different irrigation treatments,it was found that the activated water of the same irrigation amount increased the yield mainly by increasing the spike number and thousand-grain weight.In terms of water use efficiency,the water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation water productivity of winter wheat irrigated with de-electronic water and magnetized water increased by 7.9%and 1.9%,13.9%and 10.0%,and 86.1%and 62.3%,respectively,compared with the equivalent groundwater irrigation,and the differences of irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation water productivity reached significant levels.Based on the analysis of the relationship between irrigation amount,yield and water use efficiency,it was found that magnetized water and de-electronic water irrigation 120 mm could be the optimal irrigation scheme for high water use and high yield of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain.