Design And Research On The Control System Of Precise Planting Of Sweet Potato Seedlings

In China,sweet potato was an important food crop,as well as a high-quality health food and new energy raw material.At this stage,the reasons that restrict the modern production of sweet potato were the low degree of mechanization of sweet potato transplanting and the high labor cost.Aiming at the problem of high labor intensity caused by the continuous manual operation of the existing sweet potato transplanting machinery and the problem of missed planting and uneven plant spacing due to the slipping of the ground wheel transmission,combine the agronomic requirements of sweet potato transplanting,an automatic seedling supply method was proposed.The automatic transplanting device and precise planting control system were designed.The motor speed calculation formula was derived,and the control strategy based on the operating speed and the motor speed PID control algorithm were studied.The planting speed was matched with the operating speed in real time,which realizes the automatic and orderly transportation of seedlings and the precise control of the planting distanceThe automatic transplanting device consists of a seedling supply mechanism and a planting mechanism.The system hardware was mainly composed of a ground wheel speed measurement module,a seedling feeding and planting controller,a seedling feeding,a planting motor,a motor speed measurement unit,and a vehicle display terminal.Used to realize data acquisition and processing,motor drive,serial communication and other functions.The system software is divided into the main control program of the lower computer and the humancomputer interaction software of the upper computer,which coordinate and control each hardware module to complete the functions of sensor data collection,control signal output,and job information display.An test bench was built to verify the performance of the control system.The motor speed control accuracy test results show that the average error of the seedling motor speed was 4.48%,and the average error of the planting motor speed was 3.46%,indicating that the system can accurately adjust the speed.The motor control strategy verification test results show that under different conditions,the motor speed has a linear relationship with the forward speed of the implement,and the coefficient of determination between the operating speed and the speed exceeds 0.9959.Explains that the control system can achieve precise planting operations under various theoretical plant spacings.The results of the seedling supply performance test showed that the relative errors of the automatic seedling supply operation were 7.8% and 5.1%,respectively,indicating that the seedling supply mechanism is stable at medium and low operating speed levels.The results of the planting accuracy test showed that the coefficients of variation of plant spacing were 9.34% and 7.42%,respectively,indicating that the system can meet the control requirements of the planting device It realizes the automatic and orderly transportation of sweet potato seedlings,solves the problem of uneven plant spacing in the ground wheel transmission,and provides technical support for the automatic planting of sweet potato transplanting machines with few people or unmanned.