Innovative Design Of Ditching Fertilization Mechanism In Orchard And Research On Its Control System

The ditch fertilizing machine is a kind of orchard fertilizing machinery.It can reduce the labor intensity of fruit farmers and improve the fertilizing efficiency and fertilizer utilization rate when used in the orchard fertilizing work.According to the actual needs of orchard ditching and fertilization operations,based on field research and related domestic and foreign literature,this article takes the orchard ditching fertiliser as the research object,and uses TRIZ innovation theory to optimize the design of the ditching components and the development of the control system.,The main contributions of this article include the following four aspects:(1)The innovative design of the mechanical structure of the ditching part of the ditching fertilizer applicator,based on the TRIZ innovative method,uses its analysis tools to analyze and express the problems encountered in the mechanical structure design of the ditching part,and then uses its problem-solving tools(40 Invention principle,evolution route)Innovative and optimized design of ditching mechanism;detailed parameter design of ditching parts of ditching fertilizer applicator,including design and calculation of ditching knife selection,number of ditching knifes,cutter head diameter,etc.Finally,the movement analysis of the ditching components is carried out to determine the ditching method of the ditching mechanism.(2)The design of the control system of the ditching fertilizer applicator mainly studies the detection and control methods of the ditching depth and the amount of fertilizer applied during the fertilization operation of the ditching fertilizer applicator.The system uses the STM32F103VET6 microprocessor as the core,uses angle and speed sensors to collect vehicle operating parameters,and realizes real-time adjustment of ditching depth and fertilizer application by controlling the ditching cutter head lifting cylinder and the opening of the fertilizer door.The control software design includes ditching depth control,fertilization amount control,and industrial computer module design.The core function of the control software is to calculate the real-time target fertilization amount and the current actual fertilization amount according to the advancing speed of the ditching fertilizer applicator and the user’s target fertilization amount.Adjust the ditch depth in real time to achieve precise control of the ditch depth and fertilization amount.(3)Simulation verification of the ditching hydraulic system of the ditching fertilizer applicator.The ditching hydraulic system is analyzed by the joint simulation of AMESim and MATLAB.Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different types of control algorithms,designing PID(Proportional Integral Differential)controllers and fuzzy PID position controllers respectively,and comparing the control effects of the ditching hydraulic system,the results show that the fuzzy PID position control algorithm has better control accuracy.(4)Field performance test of the ditching fertiliser applicator.In order to verify the quality and reliability of the orchard ditching fertiliser applicator,as well as the performance and operation effect of its control system,a field test of the orchard ditching fertiliser applicator was carried out on the test site of Xinjiang Mushen Machinery Company.Performance test test.The results of field trials proved that the design of the orchard ditching fertilizer applicator has met the design requirements.After setting different ditching depths and fertilization rates,the ditching depth stability coefficient is higher than 90%,and the average error of fertilization control is 4.02%.The overall control system has stable performance,adapts to complex environments,and has high control accuracy.