| The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding fermented feed(FF)to the diet on growth performance,intestinal health and meat quality of broilers.In the experiment,36,000 feathers of 1-day-old AA broiler chickens of similar weight and healthy and disease-free were selected for online leveling,and they were randomly divided into 3 groups.The experimental group was respectively fed with 2.5%fermented forage and 5%fermented forage,and the control group was fed with basic diet for a period of 42 days.On the 21 and 42 day of the experiment,8 broilers were randomly selected from each group for slaughter,and the ileum,jejunum,cecum,ileum,colon contents,ileal mucosa,and left chest muscle were gathered for test analysis.The results show that:1)Compared to the control group,suppled with 2.5%FF significantly increased average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of broilers at 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05),and here was no significant change in feed weight ratio(P>0.05);Dietary addition of 5.0%FF significantly increased the average daily feed intake for 1 to 21 day of age(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the activities of 21 d lipase,amylase,42 d amylase and chymotrypsin were significantly increased in the 2.5%FF group(P<0.05).The activity of 42 d trypsin of ileal contents was significantly increased in 5.0%FF group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the activities of sucrase,lactase and 42 d sucrase in ileum mucosa of broilers in group 2.5%FF were significantly increased on day 21(P<0.05),while the activities of ileum mucosa in group 5.0%FF were significantly increased on day 21(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the height of villi in the ileum of broilers at the age of 21 days was significantly increased in each group,and the percentage of ileum at the age of 21 days was significantly increased in the 5.0%FF group(P<0.05).Compared with 5.0%FF group,2.5%FF group significantly increased the velvety hidden ratio of broilers ileum at the age of 42 days(P<0.05).Compared with control group,5.0%FF group significantly increased the height of villi and the ratio of velvety hiding in jejunum at the age of 21 days(P<0.05),and 2.5%FF group significantly increased the depth of jejunum at the age of 21 days(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,contents of butyric acid and propionic acid,isobutyric acid,butyric acid and iso-valeric acid were significantly increased in the 2.5%FF group at the age of 21 days and the contents of propionic acid,isobutyric acid,butyric acid and isobutyric acid at the age of 42 days(P<0.05),while contents of the colon contents at the age of 21 days and contents of the colon contents at the age of 42 days were significantly increased in 5.0%FF group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,iso-butyric acid,valeric acid and iso-valeric acid were significantly increased in the 2.5%FF group(P<0.05),and contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and valeric acid were significantly increased in the 2.5%FF group(P<0.05).The contents of propionic acid,valeric acid and iso-valeric acid were significantly increased in 5.0%FF group(P<0.05),and the contents of 21-day-old acetic acid were significantly decreased in 5.0%FF group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the abundance of proteobacteria at 21 days,Proteobacteria at 42 days and Bacteroidetes at 42 days were significantly increased in the 2.5%FF group(P<0.05);5.0%FF group significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the age of 21 days(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the 2.5%FF group increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Blautia significantly at the age of 42 days(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the abundance of fecal Faecalibacterium at the age of 42 days(P<0.05);5.0%FF group significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides at the age of 21 days,Faecalibacterium at the age of 42 days,and Bacteroides at the age of 42 days(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the index of Chao1 in 42-day cecum of 2.5%FF significantly increased(P<0.05);5.0%FF significantly increased Observed species and Chao1 index of 21-day and 42-day age bacterial flora(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the 2.5%FF group increased the market weight,average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of broilers significantly(P<0.05),and had no change on the feed-to-weight ratio(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the 5.0%FF group significantly reduced the breast muscle b*value,cooking loss,and shear force at 42 days of age(P<0.05);the 2.5%FF group significantly reduced the cooking muscle loss at 42 days of age(P<0.05),There is a tendency to reduce the shear force of 42-day-old pectoral muscle(P>0.05).All test groups had no significant effect on pH,L*,a*and drip loss(P>0.05).With the control group,we konw glycine in the chest muscles of 42-day-old broilers was significantly increased and the content of valine was reduced in the 2.5%FF group and 5.0%FF group;The phenylalanine contents was also increased in the 2.5%FF group and inosinic acid was also reduced in 5.0%FF group(P<0.05).Compared to control group,2.5%FF group observably increased the percentage of myristic acid,ginkgoic acid and eicosatrienoic acid in the 42-day-old chest muscles,and significantly reduced the percentage of heptadecanoic acid and linolenic acid(P<0.05);The 5.0%FF group markedly increased the percentage of eicosatrienoic acid and reduced the percentage of heptacarbonic acid(P<0.05).Contents of decyl aldehyde,undecyl aldehyde,hexadecaldehyde and n-dodecane in the 2.5%FF group were memorably higher than control group(P<0.05),and the contents of hexaldehyde,heptanal,e-2-octenal,4-octadecenal,8-octadecenal,2-bromooctadecane and ethyl isocholate in the 2.5%FF group were memorably lower than control group(P<0.05).The contents of e-2-octenal,2-undecenal,tetradecane,dodecyl hexadecane,tetradecane,2,2,4,6,6-pentacylheptane,2-bromooctadecane and octadecyl decanoate in the 5.0%FF group were observably higher than control group(P<0.05),and the contents of heptanal were lower than control group(P<0.05).In summary1.The fermented feed can increase the intake and daily weight gain of broiler chickens,promote the secretion of digestive enzymes in small intestine,enhance the digestive ability of small intestine,and thus promote the growth performance of broiler chickens.2.The fermented feed can improve the height of villi in the small intestine,enhance the chorionic ratio,increase the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the intestine,improve the structure of cecal flora,and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria,thus affecting the intestinal health of broiler chickens.3.The fermented feed can improve the flavor of broiler pectoris by improving the muscle water retention,improving the flavor amino acid and fatty acid composition and improving the flavor volatile substance composition,so as to improve the flavor of broiler pectoris... |
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