Effects Of Replacing Dietary Soybean Meal With Different Fermented Feed Ingredients On The Laying Performance,Egg Quality,and Intestinal Health Of Laying Hens

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented soybean meal and fermented miscellaneous meal on the production performance,egg quality,intestinal development and follicle development of laying hens,and to compare the feeding effects of two kinds of fermented feed ingredients.The application of feed provides basic data in laying hen production.A total of 1008（Jingfen No.1）of 54-week-old laying hens with similar laying rate and body weight were randomly divided into seven treatments,with six replicates（each replicate containing 24 chickens）per treatment.The control group was fed a basic diet,and the experimental group was replaced by 2%,4%and8%fermented soybean meal or fermented miscellaneous meal in the basic diet,with a preliminary test period of 7 days and a formal test period of 84 days.During the last 7 days of the test period,feed and fecal samples were continuously collected for 3 days.The fecal samples were mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and stored at-20℃.The change of apparent metabolic rate of nutrients in laying hens was evaluated by TiO₂ indicator method.At the end of the test,the complete ovary was dissected after slaughter,weighed and counted the number of follicles at all levels.Separate each intestine segment,collect samples immediately in the middle of the intestine,fix it with 4%paraformaldehyde,and detect the intestinal morphology and structure by HE staining.At the same time,the protein samples of jejunum were collected in laying hens.The results showed that,（1）Soybean meal and miscellaneous meal were fermented by microorganisms,the content of crude protein,amino acid,peptide with a molecular weight less than 1000,and organic acids such as malic acid,citric acid,succinic acid,butyric acid and lactic acid increased significantly（P<0.05）.And the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased significantly（P<0.05）.（2）2-4%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase egg production rate,average egg production and average daily feed intake of laying hens（P<0.05）,8%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase the average daily feed intake（P<0.05）.2-4%fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent substitute dietary soybean meal does not affect laying rate,average egg weight,average egg production,average daily feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio of laying hens（P>0.05）.The substitution of 8%fermented miscellaneous meal for dietary soybean meal can significantly reduce the laying rate,average egg production and average daily feed intake of laying hens,and the feed-to-egg ratio was increased（P<0.05）.（3）2-4%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly improve eggshell strength,eggshell weight,albumen height and Haugh Unit of laying hens（P<0.05）,8%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase eggshell strength（P<0.05）.2-8%fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent substitute dietary soybean meal did not affect eggshell strength,eggshell weight,albumen height and Haugh Unit of laying hens（P>0.05）,while 4-8%fermented miscellaneous meal significantly increase egg yolk color（P<0.05）.（4）2-4%fermented soybean meal or fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter,crude protein and neutral detergent fiber（P<0.05）.8%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber（P<0.05）.But 8%fermented miscellaneous meal significantly reduced the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter and crude protein（P<0.05）.（5）2-4%fermented soybean meal or fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase jejunum weight per unit length,jejunum villi height,crypt depth,and villous crypt ratio in laying hens（P<0.05）.4%fermented soybean meal or fermented miscellaneous meal replacement of dietary soybean meal significantly increase the transmembrane resistance and the protein expression of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin 1 of jejunum in laying hens,and enhance intestinal barrier function（P<0.05）.（6）2-4%fermented soybean meal or fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly increase the ovarian relative weight,the number of large white follicles and the number of small yellow follicles in laying hens（P<0.05）,and there was a tendency to increase the number of follicles before ovulation（P<0.10）.Conclusions:2-4%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal can significantly improve laying performance,egg quality,apparent nutrient digestibility and intestinal barrier function in laying hens;2-4%fermented miscellaneous meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal significantly improve the apparent nutrient digestibility and intestinal barrier function.But 8%fermented soybean meal equivalent to dietary soybean meal will reduce the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens.Compared with fermented miscellaneous meal,fermented soybean meal is more effective in improving laying performance,egg quality and intestinal health of laying hens.