Study On Vermicompost Of Food Waste And Technology Of Vegetable Seedling And Cultivation Substrate

With the development of society and the improvement of people’s living standard,the catering industry is developing continuously,and the output of food waste is increasing gradually.Food waste has the characteristics of high moisture content,high salt content,high oil content and so on.It is very easy to rot and ferment.At the same time,food waste contains rich nutrients,which are valuable organic resources.Therefore,how to treat the food waste innocuously and make use of it as resources is an urgent problem to be solved.The technology of vermicomposting can transform the organic matter in food waste into usable matter,and produce food waste vermicompost with high added value.In this study,firstly,the food waste was dehydrated,desalted and deoiled,and then vermicomposting in a certain proportion with the bacterial residue.Finally,the food waste vermicompost was used for the research and development of vegetable seedling and cultivation substrate.According to the growth of seedlings and the yield and quality of tomato,the best formula of seedling and cultivation substrate was selected to provide technical support for the resource utilization of food waste.After the process of dehydration,deoiling and desalination,the EC value of kitchen waste gradually decreased.The content of organic matter and total nutrient content in each treatment process of food waste is higher,which is in line with the harmless treatment of food waste.The food waste vermicompost formed by the combination of food waste and bacterial residue was weakly alkaline,with the EC value reduced to 3.66mS/cm,and the content of organic matter and nutrients was high,with the total nutrient content reaching 68.98g/kg,which was an ideal material for vegetable substrates.The results of vegetable seedling growing experiments of food waste vermicompost showed that,compared with the conventional substrate,the vegetable seedling growing substrate of food waste vermicompost could promote the seedling emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter,SPAD value,root morphology,root activity,biomass and seedling index of tomato and pepper to different degrees.With the increase of the proportion of food waste vermicompost,the growth of tomato and pepper showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing.In all the treatments,the substrates with the ratio of 40%food waste vermicompost(the volume ratio of meal waste vermicompost,peat,perlite,vermiculite is 40%,20%,15%,25%respectively)has the best comprehensive effect,which is the best seedling substrate suitable for vegetable growth.The results of tomato cultivation experiments with food waste vermicompost showed that,the growth substrate of tomato was made up of vermicompost of food waste or pig manure,peat,perlite and vermiculite according to different volume proportion.Overall,in all treatments,T5(40%food waste vermicompost+20%peat+15%perlite+25%vermiculite)and T6(40%pig manure vermicompost+20%peat+15%perlite+25%vermiculite)treatment with 40%vermicompost were the best,compared with CK,the fruit weight of T5 and T6 increased by 102.84%and 95.05%,Vc content increased by 76.64%and 77.16%,soluble protein content increased by 1.27 and 1.35 mg/g respectively,soluble sugar content increased by 6.73 and 10.54 mg/g respectively,and organic acid content of T5 decreased by 23.40%.T5 and T6 treatment have the same overall effect,which can meet the requirements of the market substrate.This formula can be recommended for tomato factory substrate production.The food waste vermicompost substrate(CY)and pig manner vermicompost substrate(ZF)(the volume ratio of vermicompost is 40%)were selected and compared with the existing industrial tomato cultivation substrate.The study found that CY treatment can promote tomato growth,improve tomato yield and quality.At the same time,CY treatment can promote tomato plant height,stem thickness,SPAD value,light and characteristics,enhance CAT.POD,SOD activities of tomato leaves,and reduce MDA content.Compared with the new pure coconut bran substrate(YK)and the 4-year-old pure coconut bran substrate(YK4),the yield per plant of CY treatment tomato increased 12.62%,14.22%,total yield increased respectively 9.72%,11.38%;The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C,ratio of sugar and acid,lycopene,flavonoid,total phenol,single fruit weight and fruit type index of tomato in CY treatment were increased to different degrees,nitrate and organic acid were decreased to different degrees.The comprehensive effect of ZF treatment is not as good as that of CY treatment,but its growth and quality indicators have been improved to different degrees.The yield per plant of this treatment has increased by 7.94%and 9.48%respectively compared with YK and YK4 treatments,and the total yield has increased by 7.79%9.43%.Therefore,it is recommended that 40%food waste vermicompost+20%peat+15%perlite+25%vermiculite can be used as the cultivation substrate for tomato green growth.