Research On Composting Of Vegetable Waste And Utilization As Substrates

Protected vegetable develop rapidly due to the high economic benefits of intensive cultivation.At the same time,a large amount of waste was produced such as straw.Using vegetable waste compost and its matrix utilization can not only make vegetable waste resource utilization,but also was used as a substitute for peat,which reduces the cost of raising seeding,thereby have economic and ecological benefits.From the point of view of reuse of agricultural wastes,composting of straw(mainly tomato straw),mushroom residue after edible fungi production,and biogas residues left after manure and fermentation of waste water from intensive pig farm was carried out to make it resource-efficient.The maturity of compost was analyzed by the changes of temperature,GI and nutrient elements during composting.Secondly,the use of facility cultivation waste composted and mixed with different inorganic materials.The suitable seedling substrate were determined by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the physiological indexes of tomato seedlings and combined with the seedling raising method.The results show that:1.The composting temperature of facility cultivation waste was over 50? for more than 15 days,which meets the requirement of harmlessness.Tomato straw and mushroom residue treatment heated up quickly and reached the highest temperature the next day.Tomato straw and mushroom residue 1:1 without the addition of biogas residue treatment of the highest temperature of 66?,more than60? only 1 day,the other treatments exceeded 70? and lasted 7 days at 60?.Adding biogas residue treatment into the high temperature period was fast,and the high temperature period lasted for a long time.2.The C/N of treatment ratios fell below 20 at the end of composting.The C/N ratio of biogas sludge treatment was lower than that of control treatment.The T value(end point C/N/initial C/N)was less than 0.6.T value(end point C/N initial C/N ratio)without treatment with biogas residue was greater than 0.6,other treatments are less than 0.6;The germination index(GI)reached more than 90% at the end of composting.There was no toxicity at all.It can be considered that the composting of protected cultivation waste was basically well prepared.3.Different treatments of compost products and mixed perlite and vermiculite matrix test showed.The bulk density of the compost product and the mixed matrix were both 0.2-0.8 g?cm-3.As a seedling substrate,the porosity,aeration pores and water-holding pores of pure composting were significantly lower than that of commercial matrices,resulting in plant height,dry weight,stem diameter and seedling index of seedling plants were also significantly lower than commercial matrices.The matrices of compost,perlite and vermiculite were not significantly different from the commercial matrices,and the seedling effect was good.The composting treatment of adding biogas residue: perlite: vermiculite treated with high nutrient content at 6:1:1.Seedlings grew best and could be used as an alternative to grassy carbon substrates.