| Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR),usually refers to the symptoms of embryo or fetal growth and development in the pregnant animal’s uterus are retarded,unable to achieve its intrinsic growth potential symptoms.IUGR is not conducive to the healthy growth of piglets,and more and more evidence shows that IUGR can cause the growth performance of newborn piglets to decrease,morbidity and mortality to increase.In intensive pig production,IUGR pigs may develop catch-up growth if given adequate nutrition,and those that do are more likely to develop symptoms of metabolic disorders.In recent years,many studies have found that plant extract curcumin has a variety of biologically active functions such as antioxidation,elimination of inflammation and immune regulation.However,there are very few studies on the application of curcumin in fattening pigs.In this study,IUGR pigs were selected to explore the effects of dietary curcumin on growth performance,intestinal barrier,related blood parameters,intestinal glucose and lipid metabolism,intestinal antioxidant and immune apoptosis in fattening pigs,which is hoped to provide scientific basis for the application of curcumin in fattening pig production.The first experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary curcumin on growth performance and intestinal barrier in IUGR fattening pigs.Twelve healthy pregnant sows of the same breed,similar body condition,and similar parity and prepartum were selected for the experiment.At delivery,2 IUGR and 1 normal birth weight(NBW)female piglets were selected per litter(Dulock×Changbai×Dabai).This experiment was divided into 3 groups with 12 piglets in each group.When weaning(26 d),IUGR piglets were divided into IUGR group and IUGR+CUR group,and NBW piglets were divided into NBW group.The NBW group and the IUGR group were fed a basic diet,and the IUGR+CUR group was fed a basic diet+200 mg/kg curcumin.The pig feeding test was 195 d.The results showed that:(1)The pigs of IUGR group at 0 d,26 dκ and 56 d had significantly lower body weight than the NBW group(P<0.05),but at 115 d and 195 d.there was no significant difference in pig weight between IUGR and NBW groups(P>0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin increased body weight at each day of age,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).(2)ADG in fattening pigs in IUGR group was significantly lower than that in NBW group at 0-26 d and 26-56 d stages(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups of ADG at 56-115 d and 115-195 d(P>0.05).Although ADG in fattening pigs of IUGR+CUR group was significantly lower than that of NBW group at 0-26 d,there was no significant difference in ADG at 26-56 d,56-115 d and 115-195 d(P>0.05).Although ADG(0.69 kg/d)of pigs in IUGR+CUR group were higher than those in IUGR group(0.68 kg/d)at 0-195 d,there was no significant difference(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in pig ADG between IUGR group and IUGR+CUR group at each stage of 0-26 d,26-56 d,56-115 d and 115-195 d(P>0.05).(3)Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced ADFI of 56-115 d IUGR pigs(P<0.05),but had no significant effect on ADFI of 115-195 d(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in F:G between 56-115 d and 115-195 d among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(4)Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the jejunum villi height(VH)(P<0.05)of IUGR fattening pigs.However,the jejunum muscle layer thickness(MLT),mucosal thickness(MT),and villi width(VW),crypt depth(CD)and VH:CD had no significant effect(P>0.05).(5)The relative expression of OCLN mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs in the IUGR+CUR group was higher than that in the IUGR group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of CLDN2,CLDN4 and ZO-1 mRNA in NBW,IUGR and IUGR+CUR groups(P>0.05).The second experiment was conducted to explore the effect of dietary curcumin on blood biochemical and endocrine parameters,and glucose and lipid metabolism in IGUR fattening pigs.The experimental design was the same as experiment 1.The results showed that:(1)The concentrations of serum TG,LDL-C,insulin and glucose in the IUGR group were significantly higher than those in the NBW group(P<0.05).Compared with the NBW group,IUGR significantly increased the HOMA-IR value(P<0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced serum TG,insulin and glucose concentrations and HOMA-IR value(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in serum TC and HDL-C concentrations among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(2)The relative expression levels of INSR,PIK3C2B and GLUT2 mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs were significantly lower than those of NBW group(P<0.05).Adding 200 mg/kg curcumin to the diet significantly increased the relative expression of INSR and GLUT2 mRNA(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of IRS-1,AKT1 and SGLT1 mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in the concentrations of TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C in the jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(4)The relative expression levels of MTTP and ApoB mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs in IUGR group were significantly higher than those in NBW group(P<0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin can significantly reduce the relative expression of MTTP and ApoB mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of ApoE and LPL mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).The content of ApoB in jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs in IUGR group was significantly higher than that in NBW group(P<0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced the ApoB content in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR pigs(P<0.05).(5)Compared with NBW group,IUGR significantly increased the relative expression of DGAT1 mRNA(P<0.05).The relative expression of DGAT1 mRNA in jejunum mucosa of fattening pigs in IUGR+CUR group was significantly lower than that in IUGR group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression levels of CD36,ACACA,FASN,FABP2,HSL,PPARy and DGAT2 among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(6)Compared with NBW group,IUGR had no significant effect on LDLR gene expression(P>0.05),but the relative expression of LDLR mRNA in jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs in IUGR+CUR group was significantly lower than that in IUGR group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of SREBP1,SREBP2 and SCAP mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).The third experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary curcumin on anti oxidative,immune and apoptotic effects in the intestine of IUGR fattening pigs.The experimental design was the same as experiment 1.The results showed that:(1)The activity of T-SOD in the jejunum of the fattening pigs in the IUGR group was not significantly different from that in the NBW group(P>0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the T-SOD activity in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs(P<0.05).The MDA content in the jejunal mucosa of the fattening pigs in the IUGR group was significantly higher than that in the NBW group and the IUGR+CUR group(P<0.05).In addition,there were no significant differences in the activities of T-AOC,CAT,and POD,and the contents of PC and-SH among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(2)The relative expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of fattening pigs in the IUGR group were significantly lower than those in the NBW group(P<0.05).Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin increased the relative expression of Nrf2,SOD1 and HO-1 mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of Keapl and NQO1 mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(3)Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin decreased the relative expression of HSP70 mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression levels of GCLM,GCLC and CAT mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(4)Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the expression of IL-2 mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs and reduced the relative expression of TNFa mRNA(P<0.05).The relative expression of TNFa mRNA in the jejunal mucosa in the IUGR group was significantly higher than that in the NBW group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and IFNγ between the three experimental groups(P>0.05).(5)The relative expression of bax mRNA in the intestine of fattening pigs in the IUGR group was not significantly different from that in the NBW group.Compared with the IUGR group,dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced the relative expression of bax mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of IUGR fattening pigs(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of bcl2,caspase3,caspase9 andp53 mRNA among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).In summary,IUGR caused symptoms such as increased blood lipids and blood glucose,insulin resistance,jejunal mucosal glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and oxidative stress in fattening pigs.IUGR also reduced the growth performance of pigs in the early stages of growth,but had no significant effect on growth performance in the later stages of growth.Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin can promote normal glucose and lipid metabolism of IUGR fattening pigs,increase their jejunal antioxidant capacity and reduce inflammatory response,which is beneficial to the recovery of intestinal morphology and function,but has no significant effect on the growth performance of fattening pigs. |
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