| In order to rationally utilize the reclaimed soil resources of rural homesteads and restore the productivity of the reclaimed soils,the field experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2021 through the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to carry out experiments on soil fertilization and rice production in rural homestead reclamation.In this study,on the soil of rural homestead reclamation,5 treatments were set to carry out rice fertilizer experiments based on the substitution of 40%of chemical fertilizer N with nitrogen such as organic fertilizers:CK1（No N fertilizer）、CK2（100%chemical fertilizer N）、T1（40%Chicken manure N+60%Chemical fertilizer N）、T2（40%Vermicompost N+60%Chemical fertilizer N）、T3（40%Rapeseed meal N+60%Chemical fertilizer N）.Taking 100%chemical fertilizer N as a control,the effects of 40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N on soil nutrients,enzyme activity,microbial characteristics,nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice and yield of rural homestead reclamation were analyzed,in order to provide a basis for the restoration of homestead.Theoretical basis for soil reclamation and fertilization and improvement of rice production.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Soil fertility traits:（1）Compared with CK2,40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment increased or significantly increased（P<0.05）soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,NH4+-N,NO3--N,available phosphorus and Available potassium content.They increased by 3.95%～19.73%,1.14%～40.54%,12.72%～74.54%,4.96%～77.23%,1.77%～136.49%,2.15%～75.00%and 0.39%～29.71%,respectively.At the same time,the soil CEC was increased by 7.12%～25.99%.Among the three organic fertilizer treatments,40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment was more conducive to increasing soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,NH4+-N,NO3--N content;while 40%vermicompost N+60%chemical fertilizer N is beneficial to increase the content of available phosphorus and available potassium.（2）Compared with CK2,40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment significantly increased（P<0.05）the activities of soil invertase and urease by 6.49%-137.45%.and 68%-82.52%,respectively.Among the three kinds of organic fertilizers,the soil catalase activity of 40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment was higher than that of the other two organic and inorganic fertilizers.The activities of soil alkaline phosphatase and urease in the treatment of 40%vermicompost N+60%chemical fertilizer N were higher than those of the other two organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments.（3）40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment increased the relative abundance of some microbial species related to carbon and nitrogen transformation in the soil,especially the relative abundance of Actinobacteria species in the soil.Among the three organic fertilizers,the relative abundance of Acidobactera and Chloroflexi in the vermicompost treatment was higher than that in the other two organic fertilizer treatments;the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the chicken manure treatment was higher than that in the other two organic fertilizer treatments,but there was no significant difference（P>0.05）.The results of the correlation analysis of soil physical and chemical properties showed that there was a close correlation between soil nutrients,enzyme activities and relative abundance of microbial populations in 40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment.2.Rice nitrogen absorption:（1）Compared with CK2,40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N increased or significantly increased（P<0.05）nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer apparent use efficiency,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen Partial productivity,nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization.（2）Among the three kinds of organic fertilizers,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen apparent use efficiency,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer physiological use in rice treated with 40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment rate is the highest.This treatment was higher than 40%vermicompost N+60%fertilizer N and 40%chicken manure N+60%fertilizer N.3.Rice yield and yield components:（1）Compared with CK2,40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment increased or significantly increased（P<0.05）rice yield,ranging from 0.5%to 21.08%.Among them,40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment had higher potential to improve rice yield than the other two organic and inorganic fertilizers combined.（2）Compared with CK2,40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment increased or significantly（P<0.05）the number of panicles per hole of rice,while maintaining or improving 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate.The treatment had no significant effect on the number of grains per panicle.In addition,40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment was higher than the other two organic and inorganic fertilizers in the two years in the number of spikes per hole.The above results showed that 40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N treatment improved the soil nutrients,the activities of related enzymes and the activities of carbon and nitrogen-transforming microorganisms in rural homestead reclamation,and maintained or improved the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of rice.Rice yield,and soil nutrients,rice nitrogen absorption and utilization rate and rice yield were higher than those of vermicompost and chicken manure under the treatment of 40%rapeseed cake fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N.Therefore,it is one of the feasible measures to use 40%organic fertilizer N+60%chemical fertilizer N combined application method on the reclaimed soil of rural homestead to fertilize the soil and promote the growth and development of rice.The effect of fertilization is better than that of vermicompost,chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer. |
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