| Homestead reclaimed soil because more stones bricks, serious damage to the physical structure, poor soil nutrient status, low output of soil,so the soil fertility after reclamation is poor and it is difficult to be directly utilized. Therefore, this study fieldwork and analysis about homestead reclaimed farmland quality of Yunyang County, Fuling District, Tongliang District; and With Tongliang District as the research, through field trials, research and analysis under different fertilization methods, changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil reclamation; using factor analysis, combined with crop production and economic returns, Further comprehensive evaluation efficiency of the different fertilization methods on homestead reclamation soil fertility; in order to select the preferred mode, it has great practical significance for enhancing fertility after homestead reclamation, and providing a scientific basis for enhancing fertility after homestead reclamation.(1)According to the survey findings, Chongqing Tongliang has the thickest soil layer after homestead reclamation, Fuling has the most obvious differences space on soil layer; Yunyang gravel content is generally high after homestead reclamation,tongliang is the lowest. Three counties’s space difference about gravel content of the soil after homestead reclamation is obvious, They have reached a moderate variability, the highest coefficient of variation is Fuling. Organic matter content of homestead reclamation farmland soil is low, nitrogen is moderate content and potassium content is overall high, phosphorus content is generally low. Spatial difference of soil organic matter and available nutrients are obvious After homestead reclamation, which both in the moderate and highly variable. The presence of three counties in Chongqing, their utilization models and availability of arable land are difference after homestead reclamation, Among them,Yunyang’s Non-availability was highest.(2) After using different fertilization ways,there are different impacts in physical properties of the soil after reclamation homestead. At the end of the entire fertility test, NS (L) treated effectively reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, compared with CK treatment significantly decreases 0.06g/cm3 and increases 2.26%. Compared with CK, each fertility way of soil moisture showing a rising trend, but with the increase in test time, NS (L) soil moisture handling the largest increase over the first quarter,15.6%. In short, organic manure fertilization mode (M, NM, MA, NM (L)) than other fertility methods (NS, NS (L), B) can be more effective in reducing soil gravel content, the effect of NM (L) treatment Which under ridge-cultivation fertilizer in combination with manure is the best, in a short time, organic fertilizer can effectively increase> 0.25 mm soil aggregates’s water stability after homestead reclamation, content of 26.50%-27.83%, especially under ridge-cultivation fertilizer in combination with manure ure; with the increase of planting time, Soil aggregate water stability has been improved with biomass ash and straw cover mode fertilization treatments.(3) After using different fertilization treatments, there are different impacts in Chemical Properties of the soil after reclamation homestead. In terms of soil pH, in a short time, organic manure fertilization treatments can effectively reduce the pH value of the soil, and NM (L) treatment is the lowest,1.6% lower than the CK; and ash fertilization method increases 4.5% than CK, followed by straw cover mode. Compared with the base soil, all the way can effectively improve the organic matter content of homestead reclamation soil; After the second quarter of fertilization, M, NM, NM (L), NS (L), NS, MA soil organic matter content compared with CK treatment Increased 0.04～1.66g/kg. In terms of the total amount of soil nutrients, compared with the base soil, except for B soil total phosphorus decreased by 8.8 percent, total N,P,K of different fertilization treatment soil were increased in varying degrees. After two consecutive quarters of fertilization test, M, NM (L), NS (L) treatment have increased the total N content of topsoil; in a short time, Comparing with other methods, organic manure fertilization method can effectively improve the soil total P content after the entire fertility test, Comparing with other methods, Organic manure combined application of ash (MA treatment) helps to improve soil total P content; after two consecutive quarters of fertility tests, Different fertilization methods on soil total P content was not obvious, and among the treatments were not significant. Comparing with base soil, Each fertilization mode of homestead reclamation soil available N, P, K, have respectively improved. NM (L) treatment has effectively improved available N content of the soil than CK. For available P, after two consecutive quarters of fertility tests, Organic manure fertilization mode (M, NM, NM (L)) increased 19%～28% than CK, and effect of the single organic manure was the best, and long-term single fertilizer (CK) is not conducive to accumulate available P. Organic manure fertilization method, straw cover fertilization methods, bio-organic fertilizer fertilization in ways that favor the accumulation of topsoil K, especially straw cover was better.(4) After two quarters of fertility tests, under ridge-cultivation,fertilizer in combination with manure in a short period of time compared to other fertility measures more effectively increase the content of trace elements in the soil.(5)Under different fertilization treatments,there were different effects on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, compared with CK, NM (L), M, MA, NS (L), NS treatment’s soil microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased 50.74-139.38mg/kg, which organic fertilizer fertilization works best; compared with CK, NM (L) treatment soil’s microbial biomass nitrogen significantly increased by 64.8%(p <0.05); because of the climate, after the second quarter of fertility test,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen decreased, but NM (L) treatment’s soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen significantly increased 101.7%,40.1%(p<0.05) than CK. In general, the lower ridges in the fertilizer with manure fertilization fertilize other way than the way of a better effect, followed by the fertilization with manure fertilizers way.(6) After the first quarter of fertilization, soil urease activity of various fertility treatment showed, the highest was NM (L) treatment, and the second harvest time when the season was in August, the temperature is too high, inhibiting urease activity, which MA treatment can effectively slowed reduction Of soil urease activity. Compared with CK, soil phosphatase activity of organic manure fertilization mode (M, NM, NM (L)) has improved significantly. Autumn fertilization experiments, Organic manure fertilization treatments increased soil catalase activity, with the increasing in test time, MA treatment can increase soil catalase activity,compared with the first quarter has increased by 13.6%.(7) After fertilization test, crop production of two seasons were expressed as: NM(L)>NS(L)>NS>M>NM>MA>CK>B, This shows that under ridge-cultivation mode, whether organic manure or straw cover can achieve better yield results, and the effect of organic fertilizer under ridge-cultivation was better. Compared with CK, economic benefits of NM, NM(L), NS(L)treatments have increased by 1% to 22%, including NM (L) treatment reached its maximum.(8) Order of soil fertility quality composite score was NM (L)> NS (L)> NM> M> MA> NS> B> CK, composite scores of B treatment slightly higher than CK, chemical fertilizer is a fertilization treatment which is the most not conducive to improve soil fertility quality, and B treatment did not achieve the desired fertility effect. By doing comparison with canola, corn production of homestead reclamation arable land under Different fertilizing ways found that NM (L) and NS (L) have higher yield, followed by NM, NS, M, MA treatments, B, CK treatment has lower yield, which was deal with trends of soil fertility composite score basically. |
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