Study On High Quality And High Yield Cultivation Technology Of Areca Taro In Jianghuai Region

Colocasia esculenta is a hygrophytic herb of Araceae.Its tuber,commonly known as taro,has high nutritional value and medicinal value.It is mainly distributed in Africa,Asia,China,Japan and Southeast Asia.In recent years,the northern cultivation of areca taro has been carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huang-huai region,which has adjusted the local vegetable production and planting structure,increased farmers’ income and enriched the local market.However,if we do not pay attention to the difference of climatic conditions between the source and destination of introduction and do not consider the characteristics of varieties,the phenomenon of low economic yield or even no economic yield may occur.Therefore,the corresponding cultivation techniques must be determined according to the climatic characteristics of the destination of introduction.In this study,the high quality varieties ’Guiyu no.1’,’Guiyu no.2’,Rongshui taro,Lipu taro and Wuzhou taro were used as materials to achieve high quality and high yield through exploring reasonable cultivation techniques,which laid an important foundation for the cultivation and popularization of areca taro in the future.The main results are as follows:1.Under the condition of open field cultivation,the difference of surface soil temperature and its effect on the yield and quality of taro were compared with 10μm black polyethylene mulching film（4μm,8μm,10μm）.The results showed that the degradation film had good insulation effect at the complete stage and the induction stage with small cracks in spring.The degradation film with a thickness of 4μm cracked quickly and had poor inhibition of weeds and moisture retention effect,resulting in a low yield of taro.The yield of taro under 8μm and 10μm degradation film was decreased compared with that of PE film,but the difference was not significant.The results showed that the biodegradable black mulching film could replace PE black mulching film for taro cultivation.However,the yield of taro was the highest under conventional polyethylene black mulching film,and the ability of water and fertilizer retention was better.2..In open-field cultivation,the highest transplanting density of 3334 plants/mu was 1648.5kg/667m2,the highest planting depth of 20cm was 2273.6kg/667m2,and the highest planting period was 1124.3kg/667m2 in late June.In the range of 2265～3334 plants/667m2,the yield of taro increased with the increase of planting density,and the yield of taro could be increased by rational planting density.Selecting large size taro without damage shape intact（>40g）to retain seeds,the per mu yield of female taro increased with the increase of ball quality,more than 40g size taro yield of the highest 2807.4kg/667m2,compared with small size of the ball increased 52.1%.Flavonoid content,total phenol content and free radical scavenging rate had little difference,indicating that the quality was not decreased.3.Fertilization is an important technical method to ensure yield and quality of areca taro in open field cultivation.13-4-25 Yara Rejia composite fertilizer produced the highest yield,followed by 15-8-23 Zusang composite fertilizer,12-11-18 Yara Miola composite fertilizer,and 11-8-44 Brazil solid fertilizer produced the lowest yield.The yield of the first three treatments declined gradually with the decrease of K in fertilizer.However,solid fertilizer in Brazil had the highest K proportion and the yield did not perform well.Therefore,a reasonable ratio of N,P and K could promote the improvement of yield.With the increase of fertilizer application rate,the yield increased first and then decreased,and the yield of 70kg treatment was the highest.There was no significant difference in the clearance rates of total starch,flavonoids and free radicals of female taro.It was concluded that reasonable fertilizer application rate could promote the accumulation of dry matter of taro,while excessive fertilizer application could inhibit the growth of taro.The test results in 2021 show that the treatment with the fertilizer amount of 120kg/667m2 yield is the highest,1322.3kg/667m2 but compared with the treatment with the lowest yield of 90kg/667m2 in 2020,the yield is lower,the difference between the yield may be due to the different varieties and fertilizers of taro arum.The total starch content of ’Guiyu no.2’decreased with the increase of fertilizer application,but the contents of flavonoids and total phenols increased with the increase of fertilizer application,indicating that the increase of fertilizer application was beneficial to the accumulation of flavonoids and total phenols.4.In this experiment,a variety of cultivation techniques,combined with the climatic characteristics of Jianghuai region,were used to explore the methods suitable for the cultivation of areca taro in the local open field,and cultivated with good quality,the yield of areca taro reached 3102.6kg/667m2.