Study On Pollen Characteristics And Kernel Quality Of Apricot Germplasm In Southern Xinjiang

There are abundant genetic resources of the armeniaca in southern Xinjiang,including two species of Prunus armeniaca L.and Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh.In this study the pollen morphological characteristics of P.armeniaca and P.dasycarpa were studied by scanning electron microscope.In addition,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were used to study on the nutritional components and variation of kernels of 88 apricot germplasm in southern Xinjiang,and evaluate the nutrient composition of 88 apricot germplasm kernel in Southern xinjiang apricot.to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and identification of apricot germplasm resources in Southern Xinjiang,the characteristics of the two species were analyzed from the perspective of palynology and kernel nutrient diversity.The main results were as follows:1.The morphology and size of two species of P.armeniaca and P.dasycarpa,P.cerasifera is an Exogroup,A total of 6 materials were observed by use of the scanning electron microscope.The results showed that The pollen size of P.dasycarpa was the largest,P.dasycarpa was the smallest,and P.cerasifera was between them,perforated and no perforated two kinds of exine ornamentation.‘Yecheng Zixing’and P.cerasifera have similar in pollen morphology and exine ornamentation,however,‘Aliwala’less pollen,more deformities,these two materials of P.dasycarpa has more variation than closely related species,and there exist pollen deformity.The pollen morphology characteristic of P.dasycarpa do not support the traditional taxonomic status at the species level.2.In the 88 apricot germplasms in southern Xinjiang,69 materials were sweet kernel,accounting for78.41%.19 materials were bitter kernel,accounting for 21.59%.The range of variation of bitter amygdaloid content ranged from 0.95 mg/g to 36.06 mg/g.The content of amygdalin was mainly distributed between 0.95～5.00mg/g.The results showed that sweet kernel was the dominant character of apricot kernel quality in southern Xinjiang.3.The total amino acid contents of 88 apricot kernels in southern Xinjiang ranged from 79.55 to 4464.17μg/g,mainly distributed in 79.55～1960.57 μg/g,The total amino acid content of P.dasycarpa higher than P.armeniaca and EAA/TAA value ranging from 3.98% to29.81%(except kabakeximixi93.38%).The content of total fatty acid ranged from 14.59 to 1148.59 μg/g,mainly distributed in 55.24～378.74 μg/g,the total fatty acid content of P.armeniaca were higher than those of P.dasycarpa,the contents of unsaturated acids were with in the range from 28.76% to 90.42%.The total acid content ranged from 123.32 to 4270.96μg/g,mainly distributed between 1065.59～2891.11 μg/g,the total acid content of P.dasycarpa were higher than those of P.armeniaca,the malic acid were the main components of kernel acid.The total sugar contents ranged from 2297.71 to 4802.12 μg/g,mainly distributed in 2609.04～3534.59 μg/g,the total sugar content of P.dasycarpa were higher than those of P.armeniaca,sucrose and raffinose sugar were the main components of kernel sugar.The total alcohol contents ranged from 163.73 to 2248.10 μg/g,mainly distributed in 163.73～77.40 μg/g,the total alcohol contents of P.dasycarpa were higher than P.armeniaca,inositol was the main components of kernel alcohol.The content of ethanolamine ranged from 0.00 to19.70 μg/g,mainly distributed between 0.00～3.86 μg/g,the ethanolamine content of P.dasycarpa was higher than P.armeniaca.4.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that amino acids,acids,fatty acids,sugars and amygdalin were important indexes to evaluate the nutritional components of apricot germplasm in southern Xinjiang,Cluster analysis showed that ‘Yecheng zixing’ and ‘Aliwala’ were clustered into one group,P.armeniaca.was clustered into one group,P.armeniaca and P.dasycarpa were divided into two groups;Diversity analysis showed that 88 apricot germplasms in southern Xinjiang revealed the most abundant diversity.The nutrients quality of 88 southern xinjiang apricot germplasm kernels were evaluated using amino acid,acid,fatty acid,sugar,amygdalin as an indicator,and the rusult showed that five varieties of P.armeniaca:‘Akedalazi’,‘Wanshuheiyexing’,‘Kezimayisang’,‘Qiaoerpang’,‘2-5jikuren’ comprehensive high quality seeds,good quality,suitable for the development and utilization;The seed kernel of two types of P.dasycarpa is deflated kernel,low yield is not suitable for development and utilization.