| Litopenaeus vannamei,also known as South American White Prawn,White foot shrimp and Pacific White Prawn,is native to the coastal waters of the South Pacific and is distributed in tropical,warm temperate and temperate seas.At the end of the 1980s,China took the lead in introducing this shrimp from the United States.Because of its high temperature resistance,low salt resistance,fast growth,strong disease resistance,suitable for high-density breeding,and low nutritional requirements for feed,it has been promoted throughout the our country and quickly swept the China.It has become the pillar industry of aquaculture in China,with high economic and commercial value after having experienced several main aquaculture modes,such as soil(enclosure)pond breeding,high level pond breeding,greenhouse breeding and factory breeding.With the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,people pay more attention to the intake of seafood.As a high-quality food rich in nutrition,L.vannamei has naturally been widely favored by consumers,and its demand has increased rapidly.However,the traditional culture of L.vannamei in China is still based on the relatively rough water exchange culture mode.There are widespread problems such as waste of water resources,frequent diseases,low success rate of aquaculture,and serious water pollution of aquaculture tail,leading to the high and low yield of L.vannamei.According to the fishery Statistics Yearbook of China 2020,the aquaculture area of L.vannamei in China reached 168,044 hectares in 2019,up 0.61 percent from 2018,and the output was 1,144,370 tons,down 2.40 percent from 2018This research takes L.vannamei as the experimental object,explores the feasibility of the construction and operation of the industrialized circulating aquaculture system of L.vannamei,and constructs a circulating water treatment process suitable for the growth of L.vannamei.Experimental research on key aquaculture facilities such as ponds,microfiltration machines,and biological purification ponds.The five necessary parameters required for the dynamic energy budget model under the condition of industrial circulating water of L.vannamei were determined to lay the foundation for the subsequent construction of the Dynamic Energy Budget Model of L.vannamei.Carry out high-density and high-efficiency aquaculture experiments of industrial circulating water of L.vannamei,and explore the key technologies of industrial circulating water aquaculture of L.vannamei.This experimental study will provide a certain theoretical basis for the construction and operation of the industrial circulating water system of L.vannamei.The breeding technology provides technical reference,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the high-density culture of industrial circulating water of L.vannamei,and to escort the breeding industry of L.vannamei.(1)In order to explore the construction of factory recirculating aquaculture workshop,water treatment equipment and system composition of L.vannamei,a set of recirculating aquaculture workshop with a total area of 800 square meter and an effective aquaculture water body of 600 cubic meter was constructed in Yellow Sea Fisheries Co.,LTD.,Haiyang City,Yantai City,Shandong Province in mid-May 2020.The scientific,economical and practical water treatment technology of factory recirculating aquaculture for L.vannamei was preliminarily formed.The circulation process is shrimp breeding pond→return water pipe→pump pool→lifting water pump→solid particle removal equipment→mobile bed biological purification tank→fixed bed biological purification tank→ultraviolet disinfection tank→centralized oxygenation tank→intake water pipe→shrimp breeding pond,forming a cycle of reciprocating operation between aquaculture unit and water treatment unit.The research is in shrimp culture pond,solid particle removal equipment,biological purification tank,ultraviolet disinfection tank,centralized oxygenation tank,thermal insulation facilities,storage tank,oxidation pond and special equipment development and other key aquaculture facilities research and exploration.(2)In order to better control the individual Dynamic growth status of L.vannamei cultured in high density and high efficiency of factory recirculating water,this study obtained5 necessary parameters of the Dynamic energy budget model of L.vannamei based on the Dynamic energy budget(DEB)theory.The body length and wet weight of L.vannamei were obtained by biological measurement experiments.The shape coefficientδm(δm=0.23)was obtained by converting the two formulas.The Arrhenius temperature(=6156 K)was calculated according to the oxygen consumption rate per unit dry weight of L.vannamei at different experimental temperatures.The[],[]and[]were calculated as 5826J/cm~3,2211 J/cm~3 and 31.47 J/(cm~3·d),respectively,based on the dry weight and respiration oxygen consumption rate of L.vannamei kept stable in starvation experiments.The five required parameters(δm,,[],[]and[])provide the basis for the construction of the dynamic energy budget model of L.vannamei,providing theoretical guidance for the intelligent management of high-density aquaculture of factory recirculation water.(3)In order to explore the high-density and high-efficiency culture process of L.vannamei under the condition of factory circulating water,the study was conducted in Yellow Sea Fisheries Co.,LTD.,Haiyang City,Yantai City,Shandong Province from mid-September 2020to early January 2021.High-density aquaculture experiment in factory circulating water.Carry out research on healthy aquaculture in the aspects of pre-seed preparation,seed stocking,feed feeding,water quality regulation,disease control,growth index and aquaculture management technical requirements for industrial recirculating aquaculture of L.vannamei.A set of prawn recirculating aquaculture workshop with a total area of 800 square meter and an effective aquaculture water body of 600 cubic meter was constructed.400,000 seedlings(650/m~3)of P5specification were put in for the first time,and the circulating water system was started after the 35 days standard seedling period.After 75 days of cultivation period,the prawn size reaches 28～31 tails/catties,the feed coefficient is 1.17(1.19 in the growing stage),and the breeding density in the final stage is 5.7～10.3kg/m~3.The breeding output and enterprise benefits are very impressive.The feeding amount is precisely controlled throughout the breeding period,and the most suitable feeding amount and feeding method in different periods are preliminarily mastered,so as to ensure the survival rate and reasonable growth index during the breeding period.It is providing technical guidance for improving the survival rate,reducing risks,and increasing enterprise benefits of industrial recirculating aquaculture of L.vannamei. |
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