The Study Of The Development And Application Effect Of Walnut Leaf Substrate

Xinjiang has sufficient light and heat resources and is a suitable area for the development of facility in agriculture.In recent years,with the increase in the scale of fruit and vegetable cultivation facilities,the demand for substrates is also increasing.At present,the substrate with good application effect,grass charcoal,depends on import,which is expensive,and Xinjiang is inland,so the transportation cost of substrate is also high,so there is an urgent need to develop suitable substrate locally.In this paper,we investigated the pretreatment,fermentation of walnut leaves,physical and chemical properties of substrates and their regulation,and tested the substrates obtained through seedling and cultivation to find suitable substrates for vegetable seedling or cultivation,in order to provide new methods and approaches to solve the substrate demand in southern Xinjiang.The main findings of the experiment are as follows.(1)The suitable pretreatment condition for walnut leaves was 0.5% concentration of ammonia treatment for 2h in acid-base pretreatment test exploration.(2)Under different fermentation treatments,the pile was kept at a high temperature above 50°C for 6days,and the T value after fermentation was less than 0.6.All walnut leaves were fermented and rotted,among which the fermentation treatment with 0.3% rhamnolipid added after ammonia pretreatment(A3)had the lowest T value,and the germination index of substrate leachate seeds was greater than 85%,with the best heap rotting effect.(3)The p H value of walnut leaf substrate was weakly alkaline(8.02～8.18),with sufficient nutrient content,and the porosity and air-water ratio(except for the B0 treatment)met the standard requirements for vegetable seedling substrates.the A0,A3,A6,and A9 substrates were suitable in terms of capacity and EC value,while the B0,B3,B6,and B9 substrates were low in terms of capacity(0.16～0.17g/cm3)and EC value(5.49～5.74 m S/cm).5.74 m S/cm)were high.(4)Both leaching desalination and secondary fermentation optimized the physicochemical properties of B0,B3,B6 and B9 volumetric mixed substrates to a certain extent,among which soaking for 72 h and leaching once was the desalination treatment with a more suitable comprehensive effect.After the secondary fermentation,the proportion of large particles in the substrate decreased,the proportion of small particles increased,and the indexes of bulk weight,air to water ratio,p H and EC value were improved.(5)Different walnut leaf substrates were compounded with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1 for melon,tomato and cucumber seedlings,respectively.By measuring and analyzing the seedling growth,it was found that none of the walnut leaf substrates were suitable for melon seedlings,A3 and A6 treatments were suitable for tomato seedlings,and A0,A3,A6 and A9 treatments were suitable for cucumber seedlings.(7)The A3 substrate was compounded with twice fermented sawdust and mushroom residue substrates,vermiculite and perlite in different proportions to form six walnut leaf complex substrates for pea tip cultivation.The p H of the mixed substrates was weakly alkaline,and the capacity and EC values were suitable.During the cultivation of walnut leaf blended substrates,the root zone temperature and water content were better than CK2.The seedling emergence,growth and yield of peas in different treatments were higher than CK2,and all six formulations of walnut leaf blended substrates could be used for pea tip cultivation.The T4(A3:mushroom residue=3:1)treatment was better than the other treatments in terms of seedling emergence,growth and yield and was the most suitable for pea tip cultivation.