| Chionanthus retusus Lindl.Et Paxt.Is a deciduous tree of the genus Oleaceae.It is widely distributed in China,Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Shandong,Hebei,south of Henan,Yunnan,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Taiwan and other provinces.However,in recent years,the distribution area and natural population area of Chionanthus retusus are gradually shrinking,and the wild germplasm resources are threatened by many aspects and tend to be endangered.At present,a lot of focus on the study of Chionanthus retusus focused on breeding techniques,chemical composition analysis,the fringe tree germplasm resources distribution in provinces and cities in our country and phenotypic diversity study also is less,and as the study didn’t woody oil crops related reports,The edible and medicinal value of oil Chionanthus retusus kernel has not been exploited,which is not conducive to the utilization and protection of Chionanthus retusus germplasm resources.This research in China’s shandong,hebei,henan in the three areas of 8 species of 44 Chionanthus retusus germplasm as the research object,gathering stone fruit and determination of shape and quality index,analysis of the real phenotypic traits of its diversity,22 phenotypic traits selected excellent fringe tree species,The relationships among the morphology,fatty acid composition,oil content,phytosterol and vitamin E content of stone fruit,seed and kernel were analyzed.Explore Chionanthus retusus real correlations between the phenotypic traits and its seeds oil properties,to choose the high quality of oil excellent fringe tree germplasm to provide theory support,for the real consumption of fringe tree species and provide data support the rational development and utilization of medicinal value,as well as woody oil tree species,and sustainable development to provide the reference in high oleic acid raw materials.The main results are as follows:（1）The mean and standard deviation of 14 phenotypic traits of 44 Chionanthus retusus were compared.There was a wide variation in the real character of tassel species among individual plants.The results of principal component analysis showed that the variation of stone fruit shape of Chionanthus retusus played a major role in the variation of real shape of Chionanthus retusus.Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between the real morphological characters of tassel species.After cluster analysis and correlation analysis of geographical and ecological factors,it was found that phenotypic variation and seed and seed traits had little correlation with geographical and ecological factors.After comprehensive evaluation of various phenotypic traits of seeds and seeds,the conclusion was as follows: T-2,T-4,T-5,T-8,T-10,WA-1,WA-2,WS-3,WS-4,WS-5,B-1,B-2,Z-1,Z-4,Z-5,S-3,S-5 were screened out based on morphological and quality traits.（2）The results showed that there were significant differences in stone fruit morphological characteristics,oil content,fatty acid,phytosterol and vitamin E composition among 22 materials selected from 44 materials.The results showed that the average oil content of kernels was 36.55%±5.78%,and there were seven kinds of fatty acids in kernels oil,among which oleic acid（C18:1）was the most abundant,with an average content of52.33%±3.22%.Seven phytosterols,mainly β-sitosterol,were also detected in the seed kernel oil of Tassel.Four tocopherols in vitamin E were also detected in the seed oil of Chionanthus retusus,among which the content of γ-tocopherol was the highest（526.90±51.36μg/g）.T-2,T-4,T-5,T-9,T-10,T-11,Z-1,Z-4 and Z-5 were identified as germplasm with high oil content and oleic acid content.Wa-1,WA-2,WS-2,WS-3,WS-4and WS-5 were germplasm with high phytosterol content.T-4,T-5,T-8,T-10,WS-4 and WS-5 were germplasm with high vitamin E content.（3）Based on the phenotypic traits and seed oil characteristics of Chionanthus retusus,three germplasm for Chionanthus retusus oil were selected: WS-3,WS-5 and T-8,which could be developed into excellent germplasm with high oil content,high oleic acid,high vitamin E and high sterol.Phenotypic diversity analysis showed that T-8 had larger stone fruit shape and larger seeds.Ws-3 and WS-5 have a higher percentage of kernel yield,and the oil content of WS-3 is 42.4±1.30%,the content of saturated fatty acids is 6.73±0.11%,the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 39.14±0.53%,and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids is 58.75±0.11%.The content of β-sitosterol was2846.7±34.56mg/kg,and the total tocopherol content was 667.82±4.05 μg/g.The oil content of WS-5 was 47.5±0.67%,the saturated fatty acid content was 6.95±0.43%,the monounsaturated fatty acid content was 59.73±0.18%,the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 37.78±1.14%,and the β-sitosterol content was 2992.3±34.3mg/kg.The total tocopherol content was 661.58±3.27μg/g,the saturated fatty acid content of T-8 was 6.64±0.24%,the monounsaturated fatty acid content was 55.11± 0.50%,the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 31.00±0.10%,the β-sitosterol content was 2904.5±19.3 mg/kg.The total tocopherol content was 652.10±8.56 μg/g. |
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