| Objective: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes in the Chinese sugar plant workers and the effect of same-origin sugar on glucose associated with oral microbiota.Methods:Part 1: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a regionally representative cohort from workers on job and retired workers in Luzhai sugar plant in Guangxi province.Data on biennial reports from 2009 to2015 was collected.Diabetes and prediabetes were defined according to the 1999 world health organization criteria.Age standardized rate(ASR)was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006.We compared the prevalence between sugar plant workers and the same city and national average.We used excel software(version 2016)to collect information and established a database.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(version 18.0).Adobe Illustrator CS5 was applied to process images.Part 2: We screened for 17 age-matched normal health young people.After signing informed consent,they were given same-origin and same mass concentration black and white sugar.Then we compared the effect of sugar on blood glucose and explored the corresponding changes of number of oral microbiota in four health oral people selected.Additionally,twenty-four established female diabetic C57BL/6 mouse models were randomly divided into four groups: black sugar,brown sugar,white sugar and distilled water group to observe blood glucose changes.Results: Part 1: We analyzed 2839 persons available of 3318 total workers,including 1520(53.5%)men and1319 women(46.5%).From 2009 to 2015,the age-standardized prevalence decreased from 1.25% to 0.66%,whereas,the prevalence increased annually arrived to 3.86% in 2015.The prevalence of diabetes tended to be younger illustrated by the average age reduced from60.31±5.92 to 55.00±13.07 and the proportion of people with diabetes less than 60 years old was elevated.Conversely,the prevalence of prediabetes increased with increasing age.The distribution of diabetic patients over 60 years of age ascended from 35% to 70%.The prevalence of diabetes exhibited decreased trend compared with those of same city.In addition,compared with the Chinese diabetes epidemiological trend,diabetic sugar-workers consistently showed lower prevalence,contrasting3.2 to 13.8 folds in men and 4.6 to 10.6 in women in 2015.Part 2: In normal health people,same mass concentration and same-origin sugar resulted in different oral glucose tolerance and different oral microbiota.The changes of oral glucose tolerance were positively correlated with oral microbiome in black sugar.In addition,same mass concentration sugar also exhibited different oral glucose tolerance in diabetic mouse.Compared with distilled water,black and brown sugar decreased the blood glucose(Mean±SD,-3.29±0.98,p=0.026;-3.22±0.98,p=0.031)with statistically significant difference.Moreover,black and brown sugar reduced 40% and 33.3% proportion of diabetic mouse respectively,while white and distilled water didn’t show any hypoglycemic effect.Conclusions: 1.The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was lower than that of the same city and Chinese diabetes epidemiological trend.2.The trend of prevalence of diabetes reduced from 2009 to 2015.3.The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in men is higher than in women.4.The prevalence of diabetes increased with increasing age in male with prediabetes and female with hyperglycemia(diabetes and prediabetes).5.The prevalence of diabetes tended to be younger.Conversely,average age of prediabetes was gradually increased mainly illustrated by the diabetic population over 60 years old.6.Different sugar with same mass concentration showed different oral glucose tolerance in normal health people,which may correlate with changes of oral microbiome.Black and brown sugar exhibited hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mouse.7.The above findings implied that plant-derived sugar may protect against diabetes,which suggested that additional sugar scientific researches was needed to manage life-saving policy for patients with diabetes. |
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