| Objective:This studies aimed to explorethe physical and mental health and its related risk factors of the elderly aged 60 and more in rural areas of Guangxi,and to discusse the differences of physical and mental health of the elderly with different living arrangment,which would provide scientific policy for government to improve service ability for the elderly.Methods:A total of 4,595 the elderly aged 60 and above were surveyed from 24 administrative villages in rural areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample and surveyed by by face to face interview.The survey contents included general demographic characteristics,health-related quality of life,mental health,social support level and so on.The European Five-dimensional Health Scale(EQ-5D),Mental Symptoms Health Scale(SCL-90)and Social Support Scale(SSRS)were used as survey tools to comprehensively evaluate the physical and mental health status of the elderly in rural areas of Guangxi.Epi Data 3.1 software package was used to establish the database and entery the data.R 4.1 software was used to analysis the data The t-test,analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were performed,and the significant test level was defined as 0.05.Results:There were 4,595 elderly people in this survey.The recovery rate of the questionnaire Is 97.2%。The effective rate was 2170(47.23%)in males and 2425(52.77%)in females.1,967(42.8%)were aged 60 to 69 years old,1,612(35.1%)were aged 70 to 79 years old,and 1,016(22.1%)were over 80 years old.The number of elderly people with a family income of less than 5,000 yuan was 3,671(79.9 percent),and 925(20.1 percent)with a family income of over 5,000 yuan.The level of education was 1,749(38.1%)illiterate,2,205(47.9%)primary school educated,and641(14.0%)junior high school educated.1228 persons(26.7%)had spouses,and 3367persons(73.3%)had no spouses.The number of chronic diseases was 0,2347(51.1%),1645(35.8%),494(10.8%),109(2.4%),and 1(10.8%),respectively.Among them,510 people(11.1%)lived alone,2,283 people(49.7%)lived alone with their spouse,and 1,802 people(39.2%)lived alone with their children.The self-rated health EQ-VAS score of the elderly in rural areas of Guangxi Province was 70.76±11.72.In the health description system,the problem rates of the elderly in five dimensions in descending order were: Pain/discomfort(34.56%),mobility(18.2%),anxiety/depression(18.0%),daily activities(13.7%),and self-care(7.2%).Among different living modes,the highest score of QOL was 72.87±11.48 in the group living alone with spouse,followed by 70.12±11.6 in the group living alone with children,and the lowest score was 68.62±11.50 in the group living alone.Multiple regression analysis showed gender(β=-2.30,95%CI:-2.29-0.94),marital status(β =2.65,95%CI: 3.55 1.75),the age group of 70-79-year-old(β= 2.30,95%CI: 2.21 0.76)or 80 years of age or older(β = 3.23,95%CI:-4.13-2.33),income of1000～3000 Yuan(β=-2.97,95%CI:1.86-4.08)or 3000 ～ 5000 Yuan(β=-3.90,95%CI:2.73-5.06)or more than 5000 yuan group(β=-4.45,95%CI: 3.16-5.73),primary school group(β=1.28,95%CI: 0.53-2.03)or middle school and above group(β=2.24,95%CI:1.15-3.32),whether or not hospitalized in the last year(β=-3.49,95%CI:-4.27-2.71),the number of chronic diseases in one group(β=-2.17,95%CI:-2.86-1.49)or two groups(β=-2.08,95%CI:-3.14-1.02)or three or more(β=-7.63,95%CI:-9.72-5.55),had been hospitalized in the last year(β=-3.49,95%CI:-4.27-2.71),lived only with a spouse in the residential pattern group(β=1.94,95%CI:1.30-3.17)or living with their children(β=2.73,95%CI: 1.59-3.87)and the self-health VAS score of the rural elderly in Guangxi had statistical significance.The mental self-rated health score of the elderly in rural areas of Guangxi was111.56±18.89.In the health description system,the scores of the elderly in various factors were in the order from high to low: Somatic factor(1.50±0.42 point),depression factor(1.43±0.37 points),obsessive-compulsive factor(1.33±0.31 points),hostility(1.19±0.32 points),terror(1.17±0.29 points),mental factor(1.15±0.21points),interpersonal factor(1.12±0.23 points),paranoid cause(1.11±0.22),anxiety factor(1.01±0.24).Were lower than the national norm.Among different living modes,the highest score of quality of life was 113.27±18.31 for living alone,followed by 112.46±20.28 for living with children,and 109.69±17.67 for living with spouse alone.Multiple regression analysis showed that gender(β=4.83,95%CI:3.73-5.92),age group(age group 70-79 years old(β= 0.51,95%CI:-0.67-1.68),or age group 80 years or older(β=3.97,95%CI:2.52-5.43),income of 1000 ～ 3000 yuan(β=-2.31,95%CI:-4.11-0.5)or 3000 ～ 5000 yuan group(β=-4.97,95%CI:-6.86-3.09)or 5000 yuan group(β=-2.21,95%CI:-4.11-3.09),primary school group(β=2.26,95%CI:1.05-3.47)or junior high school or above(β=0.57,95%CI:-1.19-2.34),whether or not hospitalized in the last year(β=7.66,95%CI:6.40-8.93),the number of chronic diseases was one kind of group(β=3.10,95%CI:1.99-4.20)or two(β=4.74,95%CI:3.02-6.46)or three or more(β=11.77,95%CI:8.39-15.15),whether they had been hospitalized in the last year(β=-3.49,95%CI:-4.27-2.71),and in the residential pattern group,they lived only with their spouse(β=-2.30,95%CI:-4.30-1.3)or living with their children(β=-2.61,95%CI:-4.46-1.75)and Guangxi rural elderly mental health score SCL-90 score had statistical significance.Conclusion:1.The health status of the elderly in rural areas of Guangxi is relatively low,pain and discomfort are the key questions2.The quality of life level and the health level of the elderly living with their spouse were the highest among different living modes,while the elderly living alone were the worst.3.Old age,female,no spouse,primary school or below,chronic diseases and comorbidies,and living alone reduce the physical and mental health of the elderly population. |
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