Investigation And Countermeasures On Mental Health And Quality Of Life Of Rural Left-behind Elderly

Purpose:To investigate the mental health and quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly in Qiqihar City,Heilongjiang Province,compare the differences between the rural left-behind elderly and the rural non-left-behind elderly in the region,and the national mental health and quality of life of the elderly,and analyze the influencing factors of mental health and quality of life of the left-behind elderly,and then put forward targeted measures and countermeasures to improve and promote the mental health and quality of life of the left-behind elderly in Qiqihar.Methods:Convenient sampling was used to sample 800 permanent residents aged 60 and above as the research sample,and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted on them,including 484 left-behind old people,accounting for 60.50%of the total survey population,and 316 non-left-behind old people,accounting for 39.50%of the total number of people surveyed.SCL-90 and SF-36 scales were used to measure the mental health and quality of life of the survey subjects.Chi-square test,rank sum test and other methods were used to compare differences,t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors,and canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between mental health and quality of life.Results:The positive detection rate of mental health problems of the rural left-behind elderly was 46.49%.Under the same screening standard,the positive detection rate of the rural non-left-behind elderly was 27.53%.The total average mental health score of the rural left-behind elderly is 1.83±0.62,and the scores in each dimension are somatization(2.37±0.91),obsessive-compulsive symptoms(1.97±0.72),interpersonal sensitivity(1.56±0.69),depression(1.80±0.75),Anxiety(1.87±0.75),hostility(1.68±0.72),terror(1.61±0.72),paranoia(1.52±0.66)and psychosis(1.51±0.62).The total quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly is 52.21±19.88,and the scores in each dimension are PF(63.05±29.04),RP(41.92±36.83),BP(53.32±22.42),GH(43.33±21.47),VT(58.97±18.01),SF(58.60±25.67),RE(49.75±40.39)and MH(48.76±15.31).The mental health scores of the rural left-behind elderly are higher than those of non-left-behind elderly in the same region and the national elderly,and the scores of all dimensions of life quality are lower than the normal scores of non-left-behind elderly in the same region and the national elderly.Among them,except for the vitality dimension,the differences in other dimensions were statistically significant(p<0.05).The influencing factors of the mental health status of the left-behind elderly in rural areas are age,economic income and social support level,and the influencing factors of the quality of life status are gender,age and economic income level.Conclusion:First,the mental health and quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly are significantly inferior to the rural non-left-behind elderly and the national elderly.This study found that the mental health and quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly who are female,elderly,living alone,widowed,low education level,low economic income,and low level of social support are relatively poor.Second,gender,age,economic income and level of social support are the factors affecting the mental health and quality of life of the rural left-behind elderly.Third,in order to improve the mental health and quality of life of the left-behind elders in rural areas,at the national level,a long-term management mechanism for the responsibility system for the left-behind elders in rural areas should be established,the level of social security should be improved,economic construction and the construction of basic service facilities should be strengthened.At the social level,the excellent traditional virtues of respecting and loving the elderly should be promoted,a harmonious social environment should be created,and social organizations should be encouraged to help.At the family level,communication and contact between children and the rural left-behind elderly should be strengthened.At the personal level,physical and mental health should be emphasized Status,seek help from multiple channels,and actively participate in social activities.