| Objective: Guided by Mann’s emotional labor model in healthcare industry,this paper explores the negative sources,strategies and influencing factors of emotional labor among midwives in tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou,so as to provide reference for improving the effect of emotional labor of midwives and promoting their physical and mental health.Methods: In this paper,the research method we adopted is characterized by a combination of qualitative and quantitative research.In the aspect of quantitative study,we used the method of convenient sampling aiming to investigate the emotional labor tactics and the influencing factors of 225 midwives in 10 tertiary general/specialized hospitals with obstetrics in Hangzhou.The obtained data were processed by SPSS20.0software,and then were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis,T test,analysis of variance,non-parametric test,multiple linear regression analysis and other methods.The qualitative research uses objective sampling method which takes the midwives selected in the quantitative study as the objects,using the interview outline to carry on the semi-structured interview aiming to figure out the 12 midwife’s emotional labor source and the tactics.After completing the above process,the data was then analyzed by subject analysis method.Results:(1)Quantitative research results: The total score of emotional labor of midwives in Hangzhou tertiary hospital was 48.00±8.98,and the average value was3.45±0.64.From the perspective of high to low,we can look at the average value of items in each dimension: deep acting(4.92±0.89),emotional expression requirement(3.07±1.47)and surface acting(3.03±1.36).Midwives with different reasons for choosing midwifery work had significant differences in deep acting(P < 0.05);midwives with different hospital nature,age and delivery volume in 2019 had significant differences in emotional expression requirements(P<0.05);midwives with different hospital nature and reasons for midwifery work had significant differences in surface acting scores(P<0.05).(2)Qualitative research results: four emotional labor source themes were finally formed,including "conflict between work concept and reality","interaction with women with abnormal labor behavior","traumatic childbirth event" and "conflict among colleagues".Emotional dissimilarity and emotion over two types of emotional conflict themes;As well as surface acting,deep acting,emotional separation,self empowerment,seeking social support five strategic themes.Conclusions: This study has formed a theoretical framework of midwives’ emotional labor sources,types of emotional conflicts and strategies: that is,midwives’ negative emotional labor comes from medical institutions,nursing objects,nature of work,doctors and midwifery colleagues.These sources will lead midwives to experience emotional conflict of emotional dissimilarity and emotional excess.In the face of different conflicts,midwives will adopt five strategies: deep acting,surface acting,emotional separation,self empowerment and seeking social support.This study also found that the emotional labor of midwives is at a medium level,and the nature of hospital,annual delivery,age,and reasons for choosing midwifery have a certain impact on the use of emotional labor strategies of midwives.Therefore,hospitals and managers should pay attention to the negative sources of midwives’ emotional labor,evaluate their physical and mental reactions and emotional needs,provide emotional labor related training,encourage midwives to carry out more mutual assistance and communication,and expand their social support system;Midwives should reduce the use of surface acting,reasonably use deep acting and emotional separation strategies,learn to empower themselves,and actively seek social support,so as to reduce their emotional labor load and promote their physical and mental health. |
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