Effect Of Hydroxycitric Acid On Calcium Oxalate Deposition In Kidney Of Mice And Its Mechanism

Objective: To evaluate the preventive effects of hydroxycitric acid(HCA)for stone formation in the glyoxylate-induced mouse model.Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group,a glyoxylate(GOX)group,a GOX+HCA 100 mg/kg group,and a GOX+HCA 200 mg/kg group.Blood samples and kidney samples were collected on the 7th day.We used Pizzolato staining and polarized light microscope to examine crystal formation and evaluated oxidative stress via the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px).Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF κ B),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)messenger RNA(m RNA).The expression of osteopontin(OPN)and cluster of differentiation-44(CD44)was detected by immunohistochemistry and q RT-PCR.In addition,periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining and TUNEL assay were used to evaluate renal tubular injury and apoptosis.Results:HCA treatment could reduce markers of renal impairment(blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine).There was significantly less calcium oxalate crystal deposition inmice treated with HCA.Calcium oxalate crystals induced the production of reactive oxygen species and reduced the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes.HCA attenuated the oxidative stress induced by calcium oxalate crystallization.HCA had inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate-induced inflammatory cytokines,such as MCP-1,IL-1 β,and IL-6.In addition,HCA alleviated tubular injury and apoptosis caused by calcium oxalate crystals.Conclusion: HCA inhibits renal injury and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the glyoxylate-induced mouse model through antioxidation and anti-inflammation.