| In recent years,X-ray,computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and other imaging methods have been widely used in clinical diagnosis,and the rapid development of imaging technology provides a variety of efficient and accurate technical methods for forensic identification.The examination data has the characteristics of high degree of informationization,easy to achieve permanent storage of data,objective and realistic identification results,and some of the imaging signs can be reproduced repeatedly,which has become an indispensable objective basis for clinical medicine and forensic identification.However,in the practice of forensic clinical appraisal,due to the lack of systematic knowledge of X-ray,CT,MRI and other imaging methods,and the low level of mastery of normal and abnormal images of the human structural system,it is difficult to accurately distinguish and identify the clinical imaging process and injury characteristics after common injuries to human structures in forensic clinical appraisal.In the forensic injury identification,the results of the imaging examination plays a decisive role in the objective accuracy of the expert opinion,and the above problems to a certain extent seriously affect the correct expert opinion.Based on this,the author mainly focuses on the relevant laws and regulations involved in forensic clinical identification and the anatomical structure of medical imaging in the three major human bodies of the cranial,thoracic and spinal columns based on the specific development within the forensic clinical forensic identification industry in China at present,the research progress and specific clinical applications of the three imaging examination technology methods of X-ray examination,computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The correlation between medical imaging diagnosis and forensic imaging determination and the current situation of the application of imaging examination in forensic clinical identification,etc.By collecting analytical data from relevant scholars on the application of different imaging in the common injuries of forensic clinical identification of the three major body systems of cranial,thoracic,and spinal,and by combining the typical cases of common forensic clinical identification injuries of the three major body systems,we discuss the application of X-ray examination.In the forensic clinical appraisal of craniocerebral injury,X-ray examinations can clearly observe the skull profile and clearly observe the morphological position of the fracture line,but it is not conducive to observing the specific injury details inside the craniocerebral injury,and can only be used as an auxiliary examination after craniocerebral injury;CT can highlight the brain contusion and its surrounding lesions,and for occult fractures and cerebral hemorrhage and other three-dimensional CT detection value is higher;MRI can accurately detect the development of Intracranial hemorrhage lesions.In the forensic clinical identification of thoracic injuries,lateral X-ray can clearly observe the specific location of thoracic injuries and diseases that are difficult to observe on the chest films of frontal position,and can clearly show the characteristic effects of lungs,breastbone and ribs,which is often used as a mandatory method in pneumothorax examination,but because of the complex structure of the chest and the large number of organs,false shadow and misjudgment are very likely to occur;3D CT can helps to observe the fracture of ribs from multiple positions Three-dimensional CT scan can help to observe the fracture of ribs from multiple positions,and the detection rate of minor injuries is better than that of X-ray examination;MRI examination can help to clarify the occult injury and effusion in the chest.In the forensic clinical identification of spinal injuries,X-ray films are first used for injury examination,which can clearly observe the morphological changes,displacement and degree of bending of the centrum,etc.CT examination and MRI examination can clearly identify the period of fracture of the centrum and help to detect occult vertebral fractures and soft tissue contusions or bone contusions around the injury.By analyzing the specific applications of different imaging techniques in the traumatic brain,traumatic brain,and spine,the key points of forensic clinical identification of different systems,and the common injury cases in forensic clinics,we found that: in the application of forensic clinical identification of common injuries,X-ray examination is the first imaging method of choice after injury because of its affordable price,low radiation,and relatively high efficacy,but highly susceptible to false shadow and missed diagnoses.The accuracy,sensitivity,and resolution of CT examination are superior to those of X-ray examination,and the rate of missed diagnosis and incorrect diagnosis is low,so it is the more common imaging examination method used after injury,especially the 3D CT reconstruction technology can help to diagnose intuitive three-dimensional diagnosis by scanning different directions of human injury sites such as rib fracture,occult fractures,types of fracture and so on.However,the radiation dose is high,which is not suitable for continuous reinspection within a short period of time,and the identification of tiny lesions is far less than MRI examination;MRI examination is more expensive,but there is no radiation,and the examination does not cause harm to the body,which needs to be selected depending on the situation in various types of injuries,and for the detailed features of concealed injuries such as soft tissue contusions around common clinical injuries The diagnostic value is high,and it is more widely used in some small lesions and types of injuries with more complex injury mechanisms.Although each of the three imaging examinations has its own advantages,in the actual clinical diagnosis and forensic clinical identification,the three imaging examination methods of X-ray,CT,and MRI still need to be combined in the diagnosis of disease and the better contrast effect,reflecting each other,more helpful to the accurate diagnosis of injury,the active treatment of the injured person and the smooth development of forensic clinical identification work.In the medical clinic,imaging examination is mainly used for the examination and diagnosis of lesions,while in the forensic clinical appraisal,imaging examination not only needs to check the specific location of the disease,the degree of injury,etc.,but also needs to clarify the specific development and evolution of the disease process,which is essential to make accurate identification opinions.Therefore,in the forensic clinical appraisal,it is necessary to clarify different types of injuries in the application of imaging techniques when different types of imaging techniques specific examination position and examination methods of choice,different imaging positions can clearly and explicitly observe the specific location of the disease as well as from different examination angles to observe the different degrees of change in the injury.Based on the above discussion,we summarize the specific application of three imaging methods in different injury types in different injury sites in forensic clinical appraisal,analyze and propose relevant methodological recommendations for the selection of specific examination positions for different types of imaging examinations in different injuries according to the anatomical specificities of the three human systems and the identification points in forensic clinical appraisal.It provides a theoretical reference for forensic practitioners to review and apply the imaging data of different injuries in different parts of forensic clinical appraisal,and how to accurately select the appropriate imaging methods and examination positions according to different injury types,and provides a convenient choice for forensic appraisal institutions and forensic clinical appraisers to learn,in order to actively contribute to the perfect management of forensic appraisal and promote the justice system.The aim is to provide practical significance for the improvement of forensic identification management and the promotion of an impartial and objective judicial system. |
