The Research On Relevant Problems Of The Group Of Military Officers In Shanxi In The Early Song Dynasty

At the beginning of the North Song dynasty,a large number of military generals emerged in Shanxi Province.As a representative group in this period and this region,most of them had the characteristics of knowing the soldiers,being good at riding and shooting,and being brave and resourceful,loyal and brave.It was formed under the influence of various factors,such as fighting against separatist forces,the Song-Liao wars,the other wars,the special geographical conditions and the special historical background of Hedonglu.Together,these military commanders formed a unique group.They played a pivotal role in the Early Song dynasty when wars were still raging,and played an important role in the political and military arena at that time,contributing to the stability of the northwest frontier defense.Since ancient times,Hedonglu has become a competitive place for military commanders as well as a place where military commanders can display their military talents due to its interlocked mountains and rivers and complex terrain.During the five dynasties period,the lose of 16 states of Youyun made the northwest third road become a frontier area in the Early Song dynasty.And three road at the same time became the border defense important place.And Hedonglu is in the middle position,must have different strategic position.Shanxi military generals has profound historical background.Due to the influence of regional culture and special geographical position of Shanxi,the military generals of Shanxi rose up.The military generals group is more complex than the civil official group,with more diversity in source and composition,and changes before and after.And the continuity of the political group from the five dynasties to the Early Song dynasty,Hedonglu military generals are also the largest military group except Hebeilu military generals.According to the statistics,the four types of military generals,namely the family,the military squad,and the clansmen,were the main force of the military generals in the Early North Song dynasty and they Played The greatest role and influence.The war have a deep effect in the history of the North Song dynasty.Whether it was to put down the internal separatist rebellion in the early North Song dynasty,or to resist the invasion of the Khitan the formation of the group of Shanxi military generals had a profound influence on the politics of the Early Song dynasty.First,it promoted the unification of the dynasty.In the Early Song dynasty,local military generals were appointed in many wars,which provided an opportunity for the rise of Shanxi military generals,who all played an important role in the unification war.Second,in foreign wars,for the vanguard.In the wars against Song-Liao and wars,the group of Shanxi military generals was always the main force in the war.They played an important role in the political and military affairs in the Early Song dynasty and played an important role in the establishment of the regime in the North Song dynasty.In the face of the social changes in the five dynasties and the Early Song dynasty,some generals were able to make use of the marriage with the upper class and form a network of relationships in the dynasty to achieve enduring success.Some generals could not adapt to the changes and fell into decline.With the rise of the imperial power and the implementation and continuation of the policy of "value civil officials and restrain military generals ",Song dynasty toward the "with scholar officials and the world" situation,the general group was gradually suppressed,suspicion and exclusion.In the face of the policy change and the drastic social change in the Early Song dynasty,some military commanders could only cater to the policy in order to change the strategy.Some of them were politically sensitive,and they changed this passive situation by marrying royal ministers,and formed a network of contacts in the upper middle class,so that their families could continue to flourish for a long time.Some generals could not adapt to the changes,did not care about personal gains and losses,and their lack of cultural literacy can not conform to the trend,was beaten down only low-key.But for the North Song general overall is undoubtedly in decline.Although the military generals were politically suppressed in the Early Song dynasty,most of them kept a low profile and acted in a relatively stable manner.Therefore,most of them were able to die a good death after their death and received rewards and gifts.According to the tradition,most of their descendants had the courtesy of conferring official rank and offering benefits.